卷柏属

卷柏属; 化石时期：三叠纪至现代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
纲：	石松綱 Lycopodiopsida
目：	卷柏目 Selaginellales
科：	卷柏科 Selaginellaceae; Reichb.
属：	卷柏屬 Selaginella; P.Beauv., 1804
种
	见正文
異名
	Bryodesma Soják; Didiclis P.Beauv. ex Mirb.; Diplostachyum P.Beauv.; Gymnogynum P.Beauv.; Heterophyllium Hieron. ex Borner; Hypopterygiopsis Sakurai; Lycopodiodes C.E.O.Kuntze, 1891; Lycopodioides Boehm.; Lycopodion Adans.; Mirmau Adans.; Polycocca Hill; Selaginoides Ség., 1754; Selago P.Browne; Stachygynandrum P.Beauv.; Stachygynandrum P.Beauv. ex Mirb.; Trispermium Hill;

卷柏属（学名：Selaginella）是石松門卷柏科的唯一一属植物，为小型叶草本植物，屬下約有750种^[2]。如其他石松門植物，卷柏属以孢子作有性繁殖。江南卷柏是此屬重要的模式生物。卷柏属广泛分布于世界各地，以热带和亚热带为多样性中心。卷柏属植株的形态变异很大，有垫状、匍匐、直立、攀援、莲座状等多种生活型。

属名Selaginella：源于拉丁语silaao（卷柏，为小杉兰Huperzia selago）和ellus（小）的合成词。指本属形似小杉兰，但通常为匍匐生长的低矮植物，叶也较小。

分类[编辑]

分子系统学研究将卷柏属划分为7个亚属^[2]:

欧石楠状亚属 (S. subg. Ericetorum)
星状中柱亚属 (S. subg. Exaltatae)
有节亚属 (S. subg. Gymnogynum)
鳞叶亚属 (S. subg. Lepidophyllae)
石松状亚属 (S. subg. Rupestrae)
卷柏亚属 (S. subg. Selaginella)
显穗亚属(S. subg. Stachygynandrum)

下属物种[编辑]

本属包括以下物种：

白毛卷柏 Selaginella albociliata P. S. Wang
白边卷柏 Selaginella albocincta Ching
高寒卷柏 Selaginella algida Jie Yang bis & X. C. Zhang
钝叶卷柏 Selaginella amblyphylla Alston
二棱卷柏 Selaginella anceps (C. Presl) C. Presl
草地卷柏 Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring
Selaginella arizonica
Selaginella asprella
澳卷柏 Selaginella australiensis Baker
东南卷柏 Selaginella austro-orientalis H. J. Wei & X. M. Zhou
Selaginella bifida
二形卷柏 Selaginella biformis A. Braun ex Kuhn
Selaginella bigelovii
双沟卷柏 Selaginella bisulcata Spring
大叶卷柏 Selaginella bodinieri Hieron.
小笠原卷柏 Selaginella boninensis Baker
呼玛卷柏 Selaginella borealis (Kaulf.) Spring
短穗卷柏 Selaginella brachystachya (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
布朗卷柏 Selaginella braunii Baker
Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Baker, 1884，基异名： Lycopodium bryopteris L.
Selaginella canaliculata (L.) Spring， 1838，基异名： Lycopodium canaliculatum L.
Selaginella carinata
毛邊卷柏 Selaginella chaetoloma Alston
秦氏卷柏 Selaginella chingii
块茎卷柏 Selaginella chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
维明卷柏 Selaginella chuweimingii Xin M. Zhou, Z. R. He, Liang Zhang & Li Bing Zhang^[3]
缘毛卷柏 Selaginella ciliaris Spring，睫毛卷柏
Selaginella cinerascens
长芒卷柏 Selaginella commutata Alderw.
刚果卷柏 Selaginella congoensis Alston
柏叶卷柏 Selaginella cupressina (Willd.) Spring
道真卷柏 Selaginella daozhenensis Li Bing Zhang, Q. W. Sun & Jun H. Zhao
蔓出卷柏 Selaginella davidii Franch.，蔓生卷柏 209. Selaginella hieronymiana Alderw.
拟大叶卷柏 Selaginella decipiens Warb.
夏威夷杉叶卷柏 Selaginella deflexa Brack.
薄叶卷柏 Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston
Selaginella densa
Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring
棣氏卷柏 Selaginella devolii H. M. Chang, P. F. Lu & W. L. Chiou
滇中卷柏 Selaginella dianzhongensis X.C.Zhang^[4]
双穗卷柏 Selaginella distachya Cordem.
深绿卷柏 Selaginella doederleinii
Hieron.
- 深绿卷柏 Selaginella doederleinii sp. doederleinii
耳叶卷柏 Selaginella douglasii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
镰叶卷柏 Selaginella drepanophylla Alston
Selaginella eclipes
疏鬆卷柏 Selaginella effusa
Alston
- 独龙江卷柏 ‘’Selaginella effusa‘’ var. ‘’dulongjiangensis‘’ W. M. Chu
Selaginella elmeri
Selaginella eremophila
红柄卷柏 Selaginella erythropus (Mart.) Spring
高卷柏 Selaginella exaltata (Kunze) Spring
凤尾卷柏 Selaginella fissidentoides (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
粗莖卷柏 Selaginella frondosa Warb.，多叶卷柏
Selaginella galotteii
花岗岩卷柏 Selaginella graniticola Jie Yang bis & X. C. Zhang
桂海卷柏 Selaginella guihaia X. C. Zhang^[5]
琼海卷柏 Selaginella hainanensis X. C. Zhang & Noot.
Selaginella hansenii
攀缘卷柏 Selaginella helferi Warb.
小卷柏 Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring
横断山卷柏 Selaginella hengduanshanicola W. M. Chu
異穗卷柏 Selaginella heterostachys Baker
印度卷柏 Selaginella indica (Milde) R. M. Tryon
间型卷柏 Selaginella intermedia (Blume) Spring
兖州卷柏 Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring
彩虹卷柏 Selaginella iridescens X. C. Zhang & Y. R. Wang，发现于海南岛昌江^[6]
九龙卷柏 Selaginella jiulongensis (H. S. Kung, Li Bing Zhang & X. S. Guo) M. H. Zhang & X. C. Zhang
睫毛卷柏 Selaginella jugorum Hand.-Mazz.
甘肃卷柏 Selaginella kansuensis Ching & Y. P. Hsu
貴州卷柏 Selaginella kouytcheensis H. Lév.
小翠云 Selaginella kraussiana A. Braun
缅甸卷柏 Selaginella kurzii Baker
细叶卷柏 Selaginella labordei Hieron. ex Christ
松穗卷柏 Selaginella laxistrobila K. H. Shing
鳞叶卷柏 Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
膜叶卷柏 Selaginella leptophylla Baker
耳基卷柏 Selaginella limbata Alston，具边卷柏
琉球卷柏 Selaginella lutchuensis Koidz.
狭叶卷柏 Selaginella mairei H. Lév.
Selaginella martensii Spring, 1849
马祖卷柏 Selaginella matsuensis C. M. Kuo, nom. ined.
长叶卷柏 Selaginella megaphylla Baker，宽叶卷柏
迷你卷柏 Selaginella minima Spring
小叶卷柏 Selaginella minutifolia Spring
江南卷柏 Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron.
單子卷柏 Selaginella monospora
Spring
- 短纤毛卷柏 Selaginella monospora var. ciliolata W. M. Chu
鼠尾卷柏 Selaginella myosurus Alston
伏地卷柏 Selaginella nipponica Franch. & Sav.
墨西哥卷柏 Selaginella novoleonensis Hieron.
钱叶卷柏 Selaginella nummularifolia Ching
倒卵叶卷柏 Selaginella obovata S. Y. Dong
Selaginella oregana D.C.Eaton, 1880
东方卷柏 Selaginella orientali-chinensis Ching & C. F. Zhang ex Hao W. Wang & W. B. Liao^[7]
微齿钝叶卷柏 Selaginella ornata Spring，微齿卷柏
苍白卷柏 Selaginella pallescens (C. Presl) Spring
平卷柏 Selaginella pallidissima Spring
拟双沟卷柏 Selaginella pennata Spring
毛卷柏 Selaginella pilifera A. Braun
黑頂卷柏 Selaginella picta A. Braun ex Baker
地卷柏 Selaginella prostrata H. S. Kung
二歧卷柏 Selaginella pubescens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring
青城山卷柏 Selaginella qingchengshanensis Li Bing Zhang & X. M. Zhou
Selaginella plana (Desv. ex Poir.) Hieron., 1901
羽卷柏 Selaginella plumosa (L.) C. Presl
Selaginella poulteri
地卷柏 Selaginella prostrata
拟伏地卷柏 Selaginella pseudonipponica Tagawa
毛枝攀缘卷柏 Selaginella pseudopaleifera Hand.-Mazz.
越南卷柏 Selaginella pseudotamariscina X.C. Zhang & C.W. Chen^[8]
Selaginella pulcherrima
垫状卷柏 Selaginella pulvinata
(Hook. & Grev.) Maxim.
- 垫状卷柏(原亚种) Selaginella pulvinata subsp. pulvinata
- 秦巴卷柏 Selaginella pulvinata subsp. qinbashanica Jie Yang bis & X. C. Zhang
反折卷柏 Selaginella reflexa Underw.
疏叶卷柏 Selaginella remotifolia Spring
高雄卷柏 Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring
海南卷柏 Selaginella rolandi-principis Alston
鹿角卷柏 Selaginella rossii (Baker) Warb.
Selaginella rupestris
Selaginella rupincola
红枝卷柏 Selaginella sanguinolenta (L.) Spring
糙叶卷柏 Selaginella scabrifolia Ching & Chu H. Wang
塞舌尔卷柏 Selaginella sechellarum Baker
杉叶卷柏 Selaginella selaginoides (L.) P. Beauv. ex Schrank & Mart.
石卷柏 Selaginella sellowii Hieron.
Selaginella sericea
Selaginella serpens
陕西卷柏 Selaginella shensiensis Christ
泰国卷柏 Selaginella siamensis Hieron.
西伯利亚卷柏 Selaginella sibirica (Milde) Hieron.
四川卷柏 Selaginella sichuanica H. S. Kung
中華卷柏 Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring
深波卷柏 Selaginella sinuosa (Desv.) Alston
刺脉卷柏 Selaginella spinulosovena G. Q. Gou & P. S. Wang (2005), nom. inval.
旱生卷柏 Selaginella stauntoniana Spring，薄扇卷柏
Selaginella stellata
Selaginella substipitata
拟鞘舌卷柏 Selaginella subvaginata X.C. Zhang & Shalimov^[9]
粗茎卷柏 Selaginella superba Alston
高山卷柏 Selaginella tama-montana Seriz.
卷柏 Selaginella tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring，还魂草
越南薄叶卷柏 Selaginella tenuifolia Spring
西藏卷柏 Selaginella tibetica Ching & S. K. Wu
Selaginella tortipila
粗叶卷柏 Selaginella trachyphylla Hieron.
毛枝卷柏 Selaginella trichoclada Alston
毛叶卷柏 Selaginella trichophylla K. H. Shing
石南卷柏 Selaginella uliginosa Spring
荫生卷柏 Selaginella umbrosa Lem. ex Hieron.
翠云草 Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring
Selaginella underwoodii
鞘舌卷柏 Selaginella vaginata Spring
细瘦卷柏 Selaginella vardei H. Lév.
匐茎卷柏 Selaginella viticulosa Klotzsch
Selaginella wallacei
瓦氏卷柏 Selaginella wallichii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
培善卷柏 Selaginella wangpeishanii
华生卷柏 Selaginella watsonii
藤卷柏 Selaginella willdenowii (Desv.) Baker
武夷卷柏 Selaginella wuyishanensis K.W.Xu, X.M.Zhou & Y.F.Duan，模式产地：福建^[10]
西畴卷柏 Selaginella xichouensis W. M. Chu
剑叶卷柏 Selaginella xipholepis Baker
宪春卷柏 Selaginella zhangii S. Y. Dong

參考資料[编辑]

^ VAN KONIJNENBURG-VAN CITTERT, JOHANNA H. A.; KUSTATSCHER, EVELYN; WACHTLER, MICHAEL. MIDDLE TRIASSIC (ANISIAN) FERNS FROM KÜHWIESENKOPF (MONTE PRÁ DELLA VACCA), DOLOMITES, NORTHERN ITALY. Palaeontology. 2006-08-30, 49 (5): 943–968. ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00591.x.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Zhang, Menghua; Zhang, Xianchun. Species delimitation of the Selaginella delicatula group in China. Biodiversity Science. 2021-12-20, 29 (12): 1607. doi:10.17520/biods.2021273.
^ Xin-Mao Zhou, Zhao‐Rong He, Liang Zhang and Li-Bing Zhang. 2015. Selaginella chuweimingii (Selaginellaceae) sp. nov. from Yunnan, China. PHYTOTAXA. 231(3): 283–288. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.231.3.6
^ Aleksandr Petrovich Shalimov, Yan-Mei Zhu, Meng-Hua Zhang and Xian-Chun Zhang. 2019. Selaginella dianzhongensis (Selaginellaceae), A New Spikemoss from China. PhytoKeys. 118: 75-87. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.118.30375
^ Yu-Dong Wu, Hong-Rui Zhang and Xian-Chun Zhang. 2017. Selaginella guihaia (Selaginellaceae): A New Spikemoss Species from southern China and northern Vietnam around the Gulf of Tonkin. PhytoKeys. 80; 41-52. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.80.11126
^ 海南卷柏属一新种：彩虹卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）.
^ 中国东南部复苏卷柏的一新种：东方卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）.
^ 卷柏科一新种：越南卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）.
^ 卷柏科新增1个物种：拟鞘舌卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15）.
^ Selaginella wuyishanensis (sect. Tetragonostachyae, Selaginellaceae), a new species from East China and its phylogenetic position based on molecular data. PhytoKeys. [2023-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-11）.

[1] VAN KONIJNENBURG-VAN CITTERT, JOHANNA H. A.; KUSTATSCHER, EVELYN; WACHTLER, MICHAEL. MIDDLE TRIASSIC (ANISIAN) FERNS FROM KÜHWIESENKOPF (MONTE PRÁ DELLA VACCA), DOLOMITES, NORTHERN ITALY. Palaeontology. 2006-08-30, 49 (5): 943–968. ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00591.x.

[biods.2021273-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Zhang, Menghua; Zhang, Xianchun. Species delimitation of the Selaginella delicatula group in China. Biodiversity Science. 2021-12-20, 29 (12): 1607. doi:10.17520/biods.2021273.

[3] Xin-Mao Zhou, Zhao‐Rong He, Liang Zhang and Li-Bing Zhang. 2015. Selaginella chuweimingii (Selaginellaceae) sp. nov. from Yunnan, China. PHYTOTAXA. 231(3): 283–288. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.231.3.6

[4] Aleksandr Petrovich Shalimov, Yan-Mei Zhu, Meng-Hua Zhang and Xian-Chun Zhang. 2019. Selaginella dianzhongensis (Selaginellaceae), A New Spikemoss from China. PhytoKeys. 118: 75-87. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.118.30375

[5] Yu-Dong Wu, Hong-Rui Zhang and Xian-Chun Zhang. 2017. Selaginella guihaia (Selaginellaceae): A New Spikemoss Species from southern China and northern Vietnam around the Gulf of Tonkin. PhytoKeys. 80; 41-52. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.80.11126

[6] 海南卷柏属一新种：彩虹卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）.

[7] 中国东南部复苏卷柏的一新种：东方卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）.

[8] 卷柏科一新种：越南卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）.

[9] 卷柏科新增1个物种：拟鞘舌卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15）.

[10] Selaginella wuyishanensis (sect. Tetragonostachyae, Selaginellaceae), a new species from East China and its phylogenetic position based on molecular data. PhytoKeys. [2023-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-11）.

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