流行文化中的切·格瓦拉

流行文化中的切·格瓦拉，或切·格瓦拉时尚^[1]，是一种时尚潮流，以阿根廷出生的革命家切·格瓦拉的头像为特征标志。切·格瓦拉的形象在T恤设计中颇为流行，它们代表着切的政治信念；同时，用金钱去购买一件体现马克思主义标志的T恤本身也颇具讽刺意味，这些现象都吸引着诸多媒体、政治评论员和古巴裔美国活动家们的注意力。诚如政治评论员克里斯·伯格在世纪报中所说：“讽刺的是，切·格瓦拉这么一个文化标志之所以能够如此经久不衰，竟归功于切·格瓦拉一生都致力于摧毁的经济体制系统。^[1]

流行性[编辑]

切·格瓦拉的形象在服装设计中很流行，以至于这个肖像被描述成“让成千上万件T恤畅销的那张脸”。^[2]^[3] 评论员们注意到，此T恤之所以在年轻成年人尤其是大学生中如此流行，是因为他的形象与反叛精神有着密切联系。布里斯班时报的理查德·卡索讽刺地观察道：“在布里斯班的不伦瑞克大街或教堂大街随便走走，会不由自主感叹：也许切·格瓦拉本人是所有40岁以下年轻人唯一一个还没穿过切·格瓦拉头像衫的人。” ^[4] 最近^[何时？]与切·格瓦拉有关的潮流可归因于宏观经济困难，这让切所发出的信条更具号召力。^[5] 与此同时，因为切·格瓦拉形象空前流行，也产生了很多恶搞，比如把他的胡子给刮了，并用他的名字开双关语的笑话。 ^[6]

历史[编辑]

流行文化中切·格瓦拉的形象源自摄影作品英勇的游擊隊員。尚不明确何时开始被时尚设计界所使用，^[7] 只知1967年爱尔兰艺术家Jim Fitzpatrick基于此照片重新创作了一幅海报。^[8]

回应[编辑]

切·格瓦拉潮流的大行其道，引起了诸多批评，声称不应忽视他的缺陷，也不应将他的行为浪漫化。评论认为年轻人像支持偶像一样支持切·格瓦拉，却没有意识到他形象背后的种种争议，比如，他曾被认为支持暴力作为实现目标的手段之一，他也曾把古巴经济拖入泥潭。^[1] 评论者称此潮流为“昙花一现，不足挂齿”。^[9]

流亡海外的古巴人社区也以同样理由，反对切的形象被用作流行文化。^[10]

切·格瓦拉的长女阿蕾达·格瓦拉，则对这个从她父亲头像衍生出的潮流趋势表示坚决的支持态度，她说：“穿切·格瓦拉T恤的人，通常是不轻易妥协的人，他们不满足于社会现状，时刻思索着如何才能造福于人类社会。我想，我父亲应该是会赞成这样的事的。”^[2]

参考文献[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Berg, Chris. Che chic: you've ignored the horrors, now buy the T-shirt. The Age. October 14, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-21）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Chrisafis, Angelique. Che, my father: His face adorned the T-shirts and posters of a student generation. Even 35 years after his death Che Guevara remains an icon. But to his daughter Aleida he is the mysterious visitor who gave her sweets. The Guardian. May 3, 2003 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-11）.
^ Porter, Barney. Che Guevara remembered. ABC News. October 8, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-11）.
^ Castles, Richard. Have a life, willing to buy the T-shirt. Brisbane Times. June 28, 2009 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-06）.
^ White, Tanika. MEAN WHAT YOU WEAR ; This year's T-shirt has something to get off its wearer's chest. Baltimore Sun. April 4, 2005 [August 3, 2004]. ^{[失效連結]}
^ Rooosterboy. Che'ved Guevara is Shaved. [2014-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-09）.
^ Watkins, Valentine. Cool t-shirt, bro. Salient (magazine). May 3, 2010 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-04）.
^ Trisha Ziff, Che Guevara: Revolutionary & Icon, Abrams Image, 2006, pg 21
^ Bowen III, DK. Che Guevara: once a revolutionary, now just a T-shirt fad. The Collegian. October 23, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-21）. Template:Date=December 2012
^ Marquez, Myriam. Revolutionist Che Guevara T-Shirts Keep Reality Under Wraps. Clarkson University. April 4, 2005 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2010-08-11）.

[age-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Berg, Chris. Che chic: you've ignored the horrors, now buy the T-shirt. The Age. October 14, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-21）.

[Guardian-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Chrisafis, Angelique. Che, my father: His face adorned the T-shirts and posters of a student generation. Even 35 years after his death Che Guevara remains an icon. But to his daughter Aleida he is the mysterious visitor who gave her sweets. The Guardian. May 3, 2003 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-11）.

[ABC-3] Porter, Barney. Che Guevara remembered. ABC News. October 8, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-11）.

[BT-4] Castles, Richard. Have a life, willing to buy the T-shirt. Brisbane Times. June 28, 2009 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-06）.

[Balt-5] White, Tanika. MEAN WHAT YOU WEAR ; This year's T-shirt has something to get off its wearer's chest. Baltimore Sun. April 4, 2005 [August 3, 2004]. ^{[失效連結]}

[6] Rooosterboy. Che'ved Guevara is Shaved. [2014-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-09）.

[Sal-7] Watkins, Valentine. Cool t-shirt, bro. Salient (magazine). May 3, 2010 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-04）.

[8] Trisha Ziff, Che Guevara: Revolutionary & Icon, Abrams Image, 2006, pg 21

[SMC-9] Bowen III, DK. Che Guevara: once a revolutionary, now just a T-shirt fad. The Collegian. October 23, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-21）. Template:Date=December 2012

[CI-10] Marquez, Myriam. Revolutionist Che Guevara T-Shirts Keep Reality Under Wraps. Clarkson University. April 4, 2005 [November 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2010-08-11）.

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