相互理解性

维基百科,自由的百科全书

相互理解性 指语言学上的互通程度(亦称互懂程度),為某种语言的使用者在从未接触另一种语言(包括听或学习)的情況下,能通过听力或(及)阅读理解另一种语言的程度。这一数据常被用作区分语言与方言的重要根据。另外,社会语言学亦會用作区分的根据。

语言互通有时是不对等的,即语言A与语言B的使用者在交谈时,语言A可能更易被语言B的使用者理解,反之则不成立。互通常发生在地理上毗邻的语言或方言之间,特别是方言连续体中。

例子[编辑]

书面与听力[编辑]

仅听力[编辑]

仅书面[编辑]

古语[编辑]

参考文献[编辑]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Gooskens, Charlotte. The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages (PDF). Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (University of Groningen). 2007, 28 (6) [2010-05-19]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-04-11). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Denis Sinor, The Uralic and Altaic Series, p.90
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Alexander M. Schenker. 1993. "Proto-Slavonic," The Slavonic Languages. (Routledge). Pp. 60-121. Pg. 60: "[The] distinction between dialect and language being blurred, there can be no unanimity on this issue in all instances..."
    C.F. Voegelin and F.M. Voegelin. 1977. Classification and Index of the World's Languages (Elsevier). Pg. 311, "In terms of immediate mutual intelligibility, the East Slavic zone is a single language."
    Bernard Comrie. 1981. The Languages of the Soviet Union (Cambridge). Pg. 145-146: "The three East Slavonic languages are very close to one another, with very high rates of mutual intelligibility...The separation of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian as distinct languages is relatively recent...Many Ukrainians in fact speak a mixture of Ukrainian and Russian, finding it difficult to keep the two languages apart...
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Greenberg, Robert David. Language and identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and its disintegration. Oxford University Press. 2004: 14. ISBN 9780199258154. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Language profile Macedonian页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), UCLA International Institute
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Trudgill, Peter. Glocalisation and the Ausbau sociolinguistics of modern Europe (PDF). Duszak, Anna; Okulska, Urszula (编). Speaking from the Margin: Global English from a European Perspective. Polish Studies in English Language and Literature 11. Peter Lang. 2004 [2010-11-24]. ISBN 0820473286. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-06-11). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Bø, I. Ungdom od nabolad. En undersøkelse av skolens og fjernsynets betydning for nabrospråksforstålen.. Rogalandsforskning. 1976, 4. 
  8. ^ Katzner, Kenneth. The languages of the world 3rd ed. London: Routledge. 2002. ISBN 0203430166. OCLC 51322181. 
  9. ^ Taagepera, Rein. The Finno-Ugric republics and the Russian state. Routledge. 1999: 100. ISBN 0-415-91977-0. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Beerkens, Roos. Receptive Multilingualism as a Language Mode in the Dutch-German Border Area. Waxmann Publishing Co. 2010: 51 [2010-11-24]. ISBN 9783830923466. (原始内容存档于2014-09-29). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Woolf, Alex. From Pictland to Alba 789-1000. Edinburgh University Press. 2007: 331. ISBN 9780748612338. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Beswick, Jaine. Linguistic homogeneity in Galician and Portuguese borderland communities. Estudios de Sociolingüística. 2005, 6 (1): 39–64. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Swan, Michael. Learner English: a teacher's guide to interference and other problems. Cambridge University Press. 2001: 279. ISBN 9780521779395. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Kirundi Language. [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-28). 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 GAVILANES LASO, J. L. (1996) Algunas consideraciones sobre la inteligibilidad mutua hispano-portuguesa In: Actas del Congreso Internacional Luso-Español de Lengua y Cultura en la Frontera, Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 175-187.
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Comparação Português e Castelhano. [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-05). 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Algumas observações sobre a noção de língua portuguesa (PDF). [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-16). 
  18. ^ Wright, Sue. Monolingualism and bilingualism: Lessons from Canada and Spain. Multilingual Matters Ltd. 1996: 80. ISBN 1853593540. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 Tokelauan language. [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-08). 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Българският език през ХХ век (The Bulgarian language in the 20th century). [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-30). 
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Dari/Persian/Tajik languages (PDF). [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-10-25). 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 Avrum Ehrlich, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: origins, experience and culture, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. 2009: 192. ISBN 9781851098736. 
  23. ^ 23.0 23.1 Gumperz, John J. Language Problems in the Rural Development of North India. The Journal of Asian Studies. February 1957, 16 (2): 251–259. 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 Ausbau and Abstand languages. [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-17). 
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 Hahn, Reinard F. Uyghur. Lars Johanson, Éva Csató (编). The Turkic Languages. Taylor & Francis. 1998: 379 [2010-11-24]. ISBN 9780415082006. (原始内容存档于2016-08-01). 
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 Barbour, Stephen. Language and nationalism in Europe. Oxford University Press. 2000: 106 [2010-11-24]. ISBN 9780199250851. (原始内容存档于2021-04-30). 
  27. ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell. 2004: 315 [2010-11-24]. ISBN 1405103167. (原始内容存档于2021-01-24). 

延伸閱讀[编辑]

參閲[编辑]

外部連結[编辑]