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看門狗新聞學

维基百科,自由的百科全书

看門狗新聞學(watchdog journalism)也稱為監督新聞學,是指傳播媒體告知大眾有關社會以及政府組織的進展,特別是在社會大眾中有關注特定議題,希望得到回應的情形。看門狗新聞學可能包括:

  • 有關政府公職人員以及企業負責人發言的事實查核。
  • 針對公眾人物的專訪,詢問大眾關注的議題。
  • 獨家報導(英语:Beat reporting),在一些大多數人無法參與的會議中蒐集資訊,再觀察社會大眾的反應。
  • 调查报导,針對單一事件,用較長時間蒐集整理資訊所得的報導。

看門狗新聞學的概念類似護衛犬,護衛犬在陌生人接近時會吠叫提醒主人注意,看門狗新聞學則是在發現一些問題時提醒社會大眾注意。常見的主題像是政府的決策流程、企業醜聞、不法或不道德的活動、消费者保护議題,以及環境惡化議題,

看門狗新聞學的報導可以出現在許多不同的新聞媒體,例如電台廣播、电视、互联网及大眾媒體(這稱為是「報紙的獨特優勢」) [1],也可以出現在一些新媒體上,例如網誌及民間記者。這類型的記者也稱為是watchmen[2]、社会管控中介(agents of social control)或道德守護者 (moral guardians)[3]。

相關條目

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腳註

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  1. ^ Ward 2005
  2. ^ Hanitzsch 2007, p.373
  3. ^ Berger 2000, 84

參考資料

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  • Berger, Guy. Grave New World? Democratic Journalism Enters the Global Twenty-first Century. Journalism Studies. 2000, 1 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1080/146167000361186. 
  • Brunetti, Aymo; Weder, Beatrice. A free press is bad news for corruption. Journal of Public Economics. 2003, 87 (7–8): 1801–1824. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00186-4. 
  • Collins English Dictionary (2009): Watchdog, HarperCollins Publishers New York.
  • Coronel, S. S. (2008): The Media as Watchdog (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Harvard.
  • Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding what's news: A study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Hanitzsch, Thomas. Deconstructing Journalism Culture: Toward a Universal Theory. Communication Theory. 2007, 17 (4): 367–385. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00303.x. 
  • Hanitzsch, Thomas. Populist disseminators, detached watchdogs, critical change agents and opportunist facilitators. International Communication Gazette. 2011, 73 (6): 477–494. doi:10.1177/1748048511412279. 
  • Kohut, A. (2001): Public Support for the Watchdog Is Fading. Columbia Journalism Review, New York.
  • Kull, Steven; Ramsay, Clay; Lewis, Evan. Misperceptions, the Media, and the Iraq War (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. 2003, 118 (4): 569–598 [2020-01-31]. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2003.tb00406.x. hdl:2027/uc1.31822024771362. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-04-13). 
  • Marder, Murrey. This is Watchdog Journalism. Nieman Reports. Vol. 52 no. 2. 1998a [2020-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-24). 
  • Marder, Murrey. Arrogance Wins? American Journalism's Identity Crisis. Nieman Reports. Vol. 52 no. 3. 1998b [2020-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-18). 
  • Mojares, R. B.(2006): Biography: Eugenia Duran Apostol, Ramon Magsaysay Awards Foundation.
  • Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard (2012): Investigative Journalism: Being a Watchdog, Getting Paid, Cambridge.
  • Overholser, G. & Jamieson, K. H. (2005): The press, Oxford University Press 2005.
  • Pasti, Svetlana. Two Generations of Contemporary Russian Journalists. European Journal of Communication. 2005, 20: 89–115. doi:10.1177/0267323105049634. 
  • Ward, B (2005): Watchdog Culture: Why You Need it, How You Can Build it. In Poynter.org St. Petersburg, FL.
  • worldsofjournalism.org https://web.archive.org/web/20120110180236/http://www.worldsofjournalism.org/pilot.htm
  • Yuezhi, Zhou. Watchdogs on Party Leashes? Contexts and implications of investigative journalism in post-Deng China. Journalism Studies. 2000, 1 (4): 577–597. doi:10.1080/146167000441312. 

外部連結

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