一個電漿的磁場。
等離子體參數,是一系列描述某種電漿的性質的參數。一般來說是以厘米-克-秒制來當作參數的基本單位,但是溫度卻是以電子伏特(eV)當作單位,而質量則是以質子質量(μ = mi / mp )的倍數當作單位。在這裡, K是指波長、Z是指荷電狀態、k是指波茲曼常數、γ是指絕熱指數而Λ 是指库仑碰撞。電漿可以看成一群粒子的系統,因此可以以統計的方式研究它。
基本的等離子體參數[编辑]
以下是一些基本的離子體參數:
關於頻率[编辑]
![{\displaystyle \omega _{ce}=eB/m_{e}c=1.76\times 10^{7}B{\mbox{rad/s}}\,}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/13d73de5c85031a84c2c4172543b827af80e1f37)
![{\displaystyle \omega _{ci}=eB/m_{i}c=9.58\times 10^{3}Z\mu ^{-1}B{\mbox{rad/s}}\,}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c449ae0f521ea4da94e922b65ef4b9a9a38106af)
![{\displaystyle \omega _{pe}=(4\pi n_{e}e^{2}/m_{e}\varepsilon _{0})^{1/2}=199.98\times n_{e}^{1/2}{\mbox{rad/s}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0f6caa345e4814482fff5c157ef376f72c91eb0c)
![{\displaystyle \omega _{pi}=(4\pi n_{i}Z^{2}e^{2}/m_{i})^{1/2}=1.32\times 10^{3}Z\mu ^{-1/2}n_{i}^{1/2}{\mbox{rad/s}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31bbdb55986499865364dbcb1cf9a4536a39ad21)
![{\displaystyle \nu _{Te}=(eKE/m_{e})^{1/2}=7.26\times 10^{8}K^{1/2}E^{1/2}{\mbox{s}}^{-1}\,}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e757c32b23d8010c791548b8ed6623e8c9d5d760)
關於長度[编辑]
![{\displaystyle \Lambda _{e}={\sqrt {\frac {h^{2}}{2\pi m_{e}kT_{e}}}}=6.919\times 10^{-8}\,T_{e}^{-1/2}\,{\mbox{cm}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e3215d8391891ecc0a7467181b82389e4d29be6b)
- classical distance of closest approach
![{\displaystyle e^{2}/kT=1.44\times 10^{-7}\,T^{-1}\,{\mbox{cm}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5c01874e428cb556e1d76e50f8ecfb25363e238e)
![{\displaystyle r_{e}=v_{Te}/\omega _{ce}=2.38\,T_{e}^{1/2}B^{-1}\,{\mbox{cm}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/62dee75f0c9d0f4237e78b80de1aa0769d5356e9)
![{\displaystyle r_{i}=v_{Ti}/\omega _{ci}=1.02\times 10^{2}\,\mu ^{1/2}Z^{-1}T_{i}^{1/2}B^{-1}\,{\mbox{cm}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9ba7a4bfbea3560a638e9a7fb6b4f81fa6c341e5)
![{\displaystyle c/\omega _{pe}=5.31\times 10^{5}\,n_{e}^{-1/2}\,{\mbox{cm}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/74a67a3fc59b3f7bc42ac8488e9bf45cbef9dd15)
![{\displaystyle \lambda _{D}=(kT/4\pi ne^{2})^{1/2}=7.43\times 10^{2}\,T^{1/2}n^{-1/2}\,{\mbox{cm}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af784bed81b92b4276c1c4049d7193a832e4b501)
關於速率[编辑]
![{\displaystyle v_{Te}=(kT_{e}/m_{e})^{1/2}=4.19\times 10^{7}\,T_{e}^{1/2}\,{\mbox{cm/s}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5dd421cc0c9d4bef8f6e3e4d170882d5217c5052)
![{\displaystyle v_{Ti}=(kT_{i}/m_{i})^{1/2}=9.79\times 10^{5}\,\mu ^{-1/2}T_{i}^{1/2}\,{\mbox{cm/s}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/685b9526a6ca63a81c00423ba1193d6207ddd001)
![{\displaystyle c_{s}=(\gamma ZkT_{e}/m_{i})^{1/2}=9.79\times 10^{5}\,(\gamma ZT_{e}/\mu )^{1/2}\,{\mbox{cm/s}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf43281f480ee82bea8f13071ca5885060a39b63)
![{\displaystyle v_{A}=B/(4\pi n_{i}m_{i})^{1/2}=2.18\times 10^{11}\,\mu ^{-1/2}n_{i}^{-1/2}B\,{\mbox{cm/s}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/30f92306b8899e4224a683280112beeceec24443)
![{\displaystyle (m_{e}/m_{p})^{1/2}=2.33\times 10^{-2}=1/42.9\,}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4cc43604db0709d67415498f2bfa70b2a71f53e)
![{\displaystyle (4\pi /3)n\lambda _{D}^{3}=1.72\times 10^{9}\,T^{3/2}n^{-1/2}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d25a04de4b394b0c324ff05eaf08f17b8c01781a)
![{\displaystyle v_{A}/c=7.28\,\mu ^{-1/2}n_{i}^{-1/2}B}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/629b5b65846213cdc319ef117ddf3908be9e3454)
![{\displaystyle \omega _{pe}/\omega _{ce}=3.21\times 10^{-3}\,n_{e}^{1/2}B^{-1}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a823dbc435267311658fdc7e1b4414413b99f2b6)
![{\displaystyle \omega _{pi}/\omega _{ci}=0.137\,\mu ^{1/2}n_{i}^{1/2}B^{-1}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6bce6d9c3decdde3347bb7bf3aa2b1286f7209d7)