User:Cypp0847/2017年委內瑞拉制憲議會

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全國制憲議會
Asamblea Nacional Constituyente
Logo
种类
种类
领导
議長
第一副議長
Elvis Amoroso（統一黨[1]）
第二副議長
结构
议员545
政党
  大愛國極點／親政府（503）[2][3]
  空缺（42）[4]
会议地点
加拉加斯聯邦立法宮（英语：Palacio Federal Legislativo）

全國制憲議會（西班牙語：Asamblea Nacional ConstituyenteAsamblea Nacional Constituyente，簡稱：ANC）是一個在2017年成立的委內瑞拉制宪议会，負責起草新的委內瑞拉憲法。The assembly also has constitutional supreme power above all other institutions in the republic.[a] Its members were elected in a special 2017 election that was condemned by over forty mostly Latin American and Western states.[6][7] The Democratic Unity Roundtable—the opposition to the incumbent ruling party—also boycotted the election claiming that the Constituent Assembly was "a trick to keep [the incumbent ruling party] in power."[8] Since the opposition did not participate in the election, the incumbent Great Patriotic Pole, dominated by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, won almost all seats in the assembly by default.[9][10][11]

After the assembly was elected, the body convened for the first time on 4 August 2017, despite criticism from the aforementioned parties and from the regional trade bloc Mercosur. As part of it first acts, the assembly elected former Foreign Minister and Minister of Communication Delcy Rodríguez as its president, though she was appointed Vice President of Venezuela on 14 June 2018, leaving the position vacant. Former Vice Presidents of the Republic Aristobulo Isturiz and Isaías Rodríguez as its vice-presidents.

成員[编辑]

Nicolás Maduro Guerra, son of President Nicolás Maduro, beside Carmen Meléndez during a session

總統委員會[编辑]

成員 政黨 曾任的政府職位
Elías Jaua 统一社会主义党 教育部長
Diosdado Cabello Former President of the National Assembly, briefly President of Venezuela and deputy
Adán Chávez 文化部長
Isaías Rodríguez 駐義大利大使
Aristóbulo Istúriz Minister of People's Power for the Communes and Social Movements
Hermann Escarrá Government Advisor and Constitutionalist Advocate
Earle Herrera 全国代表大会代表
Iris Varela Minister of People's Power for the Venezuelan Penitentiary Service
Noelí Pocaterra Secretary of Indigenous Peoples and Communities of Zulia
Cilia Flores 全国代表大会代表，第一夫人
Delcy Rodríguez 外交部長
Francisco Ameliach 卡拉波波州長

Others[编辑]

Other members include:

  • Nicolás Maduro Guerra – son of President Nicolás Maduro[12]
  • Carmen Meléndez – former Minister of Defense
  • On September 4, Earle Herrera, the president of a Constituency commission, resigned, alleging sectarianism during the election of the commission presidents, which he didn't agree with.[13]

Actions[编辑]

The Constituent Assembly's first meeting in the Salon Eliptico of the Federal Legislative Palace.
Fidel Vasquez reading from a folder with Chávez eyes during a Constituent Assembly session.
Edificio La Francia, administrative seat of the Constituent Assembly.

Prior to assembling at the Federal Legislative Palace, members of the National Constituent Assembly carried large portraits of Hugo Chávez and Simón Bolívar, placing them in the palace to show support for the Bolivarian government.[14] Assembly President Delcy Rodríguez also declared that the new assembly would commence work on 5 August 2017.[15][16]

Removal of government opposition[编辑]

The Assembly voted on its first day of work to remove the nation's Chief Prosecutor Luisa Ortega Díaz and named Tarek William Saab as her replacement.[17]

On 8 August 2017, the Constituent Assembly declared itself to be the government branch with supreme power in Venezuela, banning the opposition-led National Assembly from performing actions that would interfere with the assembly while continuing to pass measures in "support and solidarity" with President Maduro.[18]

Tarek William Saab, the Chief Prosecutor appointed by the Constituent Assembly, announced on 16 August 2017 that former Chief Prosecutor Luisa Ortega Díaz and her husband, German Ferrer, operated an extortion group and a day later, the Constituent Assembly ordered for their arrest with the couple fleeing to Colombia.[19] Ortega and Ferrer fled from Venezuela by speedboat to Aruba and flew into Colombia, with Ortega stating that the Bolivarian government would "deprive me of my life".[20]

On 18 August 2017, the Assembly gave itself the power to pass legislation and override the National Assembly on issues concerning “preservation of peace, security, sovereignty, the socio-economic and financial system” [21] and then stripped the National Assembly of its legislative powers the following day.[22] The opposition-led National Assembly responded, stating it would not recognize the Constituent Assembly.[23]

In an Al Jazeera interview with President of the Constituent Assembly Delcy Rodriguez, Rodriguez stated "I denied and continue denying that Venezuela has a humanitarian crisis", saying that it would justify international intervention in Venezuela. She also described statements by Venezuelans calling for international assistance as "treasonous".[24]

On 11 October 2017 days before the Venezuela's regional elections, President Maduro stated that governors elected will only remain in power if they are subordinate to the ANC, telling voters that "everyone who votes ... recognizes the power of the Constituent National Assembly, because it is what convenes and organizes (the election)".[25]

Truth, Justice and Reparations Commission[编辑]

Law against Hatred, approved unanimously on 8 November 2017.

President Maduro announced on 6 August that the Assembly had created a Truth, Justice and Reparations Commission to investigate the protests, with Delcy Rodríguez presiding over the commission.[26] The panel was set up on 16 August 2017. Rodríguez stated that opposition candidates of the October gubernatorial elections would be investigated to make sure they were not involved in violent protests.[27]

About 268 people had been arrested as political prisoners by the Maduro government by December 2017, according to a non-governmental organisation.[哪個／哪些？] Delcy Rodríguez, head of the commission investigating the protests, announced the release of 80 prisoners around the time of Christmas.[28]

2018 presidential elections[编辑]

The Constituent Assembly barred three of the most influential opposition parties - Justice First, Democratic Action and Popular Will; from participating in the 2018 Presidential Elections. It ruled that the parties who boycotted local elections in December 2017, had lost legitimacy, requiring them to reapply for legal status and potentially barring them from the presidential elections.[29]

民調[编辑]

Hercon在2017年8月的民調顯示78.7%受訪者對制憲議會持負面評價，16.6%則持正面評價[30]。IVAD在2017年11月進行的民調顯示61.4%的受訪者認同制憲議會「不合法和不合理」[31]。

國際承認[编辑]

Map of countries who recognize ANC
     Venezuela      Approve      Disapprove      Neutral

超過40個國家表明不會承認制憲議會。歐盟[32]和聖座[33][34] 也不承認制憲議會的合法性。制憲議會成立後，阿根廷[35]，哥倫比亞[36]，法國[37]，秘魯[38]和美國[39]均批評委內瑞拉政府為獨裁政體。

包括玻利維亞、古巴、薩爾瓦多、尼加拉瓜、俄羅斯和敘利亞在內的總統尼古拉斯·马杜罗的盟友[40][41][42]均指責外國干預委內瑞拉的政治，同時恭賀馬杜羅連任並承認選舉結果及制憲議會[43][44][45]。

參見[编辑]

備註[编辑]

  1. ^ According to the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, "The existing constituted authorities shall not be permitted to obstruct the Constituent Assembly in any way".[5]

參考文獻[编辑]

  1. ^ Elvis Amoroso designado como primer vicepresidente de la ANC. Ultimas Noticias （西班牙语）. 
  2. ^ Delcas, Marie. Au Venezuela, l’opposition dénonce " l’installation d’une dictature ". Le Monde. 5 August 2017 [5 August 2017] （法语）. 
  3. ^ Resultados Electoral Constituyente 2017. National Electoral Council of Venezuela. [19 August 2017]. 
  4. ^ ANC perdió al menos 40 de sus constituyentes. Aporrea.org. [15 March 2018] （es-LA）. 
  5. ^ Article 349 of the Constitution of Venezuela (1999)
  6. ^ La lista de los 40 países democráticos que hasta el momento desconocieron la Asamblea Constituyente de Venezuela. Infobae. 31 July 2017 [1 August 2017] （es-LA）. 
  7. ^ Venezuela: New assembly leader warns 'justice will come'. 4 August 2017 [19 August 2017]. 
    As Venezuela unrest spreads, Maduro presses on with plans to rewrite charter. Reuters. 24 May 2017 [24 May 2017]. 
    Venezuelan gov't proposes constitutional assembly election on July 30. EFE. 4 June 2017 [6 June 2017] （英语）. 
    40 countries protest Venezuela's new assembly amid fraud accusations. [4 August 2017]. 
  8. ^ Venezuela opposition boycotts meeting on Maduro assembly, clashes rage. Reuters. 2017-04-08 [2017-08-07]. 
  9. ^ Mogollon, Mery; Kraul, Chris. As Venezuelan election nears, more upheaval and cries of fraud. The Los Angeles Times. 29 July 2017 [30 July 2017]. 
  10. ^ What are Venezuelans voting for and why is it so divisive?. BBC News. 30 July 2017 [30 July 2017]. 
  11. ^ Bronstein, Hugh. Venezuelan opposition promises new tactics after Sunday's vote. Reuters India. [2017-07-30] （印度英语）. 
  12. ^ Venezuela opens disputed new constituent assembly. BBC News. 4 August 2017 [4 August 2017]. 
  13. ^ Earle Herrera renunció a su cargo como presidente de una comisión de la ANC. Tal Cual Digital. 4 September 2017 [5 September 2017]. 
  14. ^ ¡La guerra de los retratos! Regresan fotos de Chávez a la Asamblea Nacional #4Ago. La Patilla. 4 August 2017 [4 August 2017] （欧洲西班牙语）. 
  15. ^ http://www.sacbee.com/news/business/article165394067.html
  16. ^ Venezuela ushers in new pro-government chamber as opposition struggles to regroup. The Washington Post. 4 August 2017 [4 August 2017]. 
  17. ^ Tarek William Saab Appointed as Venezuela's Attorney General. teleSUR. 2017-08-05 [2017-08-07]. 
    [1]
  18. ^ Goodman, Joshua; Sanchez, Fabiola. New Venezuela assembly declares itself superior government branch. Associated Press. The Chicago Tribune. 8 August 2017 [9 August 2017]. 
  19. ^ Luisa Ortega 'fearing for her life' flees to Colombia. Al Jazeera. 19 August 2017 [20 August 2017]. 
  20. ^ Deposed Venezuelan prosecutor Luisa Ortega flees country in dramatic speedboat journey. The Daily Telegraph. 19 August 2017 [20 August 2017]. 
  21. ^ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-idUSKCN1AY1VM
  22. ^ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/19/venezuela-crisis-deepens-maduro-strips-opposition-held-parliament-power
  23. ^ Asamblea Nacional reitera que no acatará sentencia de la Constituyente cubana. La Patilla. 19 August 2017 [19 August 2017] （欧洲西班牙语）. 
  24. ^ Delcy Rodriguez: No humanitarian crisis in Venezuela. Al Jazeera. 9 September 2017 [10 September 2017]. 
  25. ^ Maduro vocifera que constituyente cubana decidió que ningún gobernador ejercerá "si no se subordina". La Patilla. 11 October 2017 [12 October 2017] （欧洲西班牙语）. 
  26. ^ Venezuela sets up truth commission to probe protests. Indo-Asian News Service. 
  27. ^ Venezuela ‘Truth Commission’ to Investigate Opposition. Reuters. 
  28. ^ Venezuela frees first of 80 political prisoners in show of good will. France24. 
  29. ^ Venezuela presidential election: Nicolas Maduro's government blocks opposition candidates from competing. The Independent. 
  30. ^ 2 Estudio Nacional Teléfonico Inducido Hercon a2017. Scribd. Hercon. [4 September 2017] （英语）. 
  31. ^ Venebarometro Diciembre 2017. Scribd. [16 December 2017] （英语）. 
  32. ^ Países de la Unión Europea no reconocen la Constituyente y piden suspender su instalación. La Patilla. 2 August 2017 [2 August 2017] （欧洲西班牙语）. 
  33. ^ Vaticano pide suspender la Constituyente por hipotecar el futuro y fomentar clima de tensión. La Patilla. 4 August 2017 [4 August 2017] （欧洲西班牙语）. 
  34. ^ Vatican urges Venezuela's Maduro to suspend new legislative superbody. Reuters. 4 August 2017 [4 August 2017]. 
  35. ^ Macri dice que Nicolás Maduro es "obviamente" un dictador - CNN Video. CNN. 10 August 2017 [6 September 2017]. 
  36. ^ Clarke, Rachel. Colombian President: Venezuela a 'dictatorship,' but US military action is a bad idea. CNN. 5 September 2017 [6 September 2017]. 
  37. ^ El presidente francés califica de dictadura el régimen de Maduro. La Patilla. 29 August 2017 [2017-08-30] （欧洲西班牙语）. 
  38. ^ PPK: Gobierno de Venezuela se ha transformado en una dictadura - CNN Video. CNN. 18 August 2017 [6 September 2017]. 
  39. ^ Treasury Sanctions the President of Venezuela. United States Department of the Treasury. 31 July 2017 [1 August 2017]. 
  40. ^ Cuba and Nicaragua Confirm Support for Venezuela at UN. 21 June 2017 [31 July 2017]. 
  41. ^ teleSUR/mrs-RT-sg. Bolivia, Russia Defend Venezuela's Constituent Assembly. [2017-08-01]. 
  42. ^ Syria congratulates Venezuela on successful election of the Constituent Assembly – Syrian Arab News Agency. sana.sy. [2017-08-01] （美国英语）. 
  43. ^ Bolivia's Evo blames Amalgro for US Intervention. Telesur. [30 July 2017]. 
  44. ^ Venezuela: Where is the condemnation?. 4 July 2017 [31 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于31 July 2017）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  45. ^ Central American Nations Congratulate Venezuela After Elections. 31 July 2017 [31 July 2017]. 
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