User:IsConeNotConical/沙盒

维基百科，自由的百科全书

平台[编辑]

Microsoft Windows[编辑]

Steam 最初于 2003 年专门为 Microsoft Windows 发布，但后来被移植到了其他平台。[1] 最新的 Steam 客户端版本使用嵌入式 Chromium 框架（英语：Chromium Embedded Framework）。[2] 为了利用其较新的界面元素的一些功能，Steam 使用了 64 位版本的 Chromium，这使得它在旧的操作系统，如 Windows XP 和 Windows Vista 无法使用。Windows 上的 Steam 也依赖于后期版本的 Windows 中内置的一些安全功能。2019 年，Steam 对 XP 和 Vista 的支持被取消。虽然仍在这些操作系统上的用户能够使用客户端，但他们无法使用较新的功能。大约只有 0.2% 的 Steam 用户在该行动开始时受此影响。[3]

macOS[编辑]

2010 年 3 月 8 日，Valve 宣布为 Mac OS X 提供客户端。[1] 在宣布这一消息之前，Steam 测试版客户端进行了修改，以支持跨平台的 WebKit 网络浏览器渲染引擎，而不是 Internet Explorer 的 Trident 引擎。[4][5][6] Before this announcement, Valve teased the release by e-mailing several images to Mac community and gaming websites; the images featured characters from Valve games with Apple logos and parodies of vintage Macintosh advertisements.[7][8] Valve developed a full video homage to Apple's 1984 Macintosh commercial to announce the availability of Half-Life 2 and its episodes on the service; some concept images for the video had previously been used to tease the Mac Steam client.[9]

Steam for Mac OS X was originally planned for release in April 2010; but was pushed back to May 12, 2010, following a beta period. In addition to the Steam client, several features were made available to developers, allowing them to take advantage of the cross-platform Source engine, and platform and network capabilities using Steamworks.[10] Through SteamPlay, the macOS client allows players who have purchased compatible products in the Windows version to download the Mac versions at no cost, allowing them to continue playing the game on the other platform. Some third-party games may require the user to re-purchase them to gain access to the cross-platform functionality.[11] The Steam Cloud, along with many multiplayer PC games, also supports cross-platform play, allowing Windows, macOS, and Linux users to play with each other regardless of platform.[1]

Linux[编辑]

Valve announced in July 2012 that it was developing a Steam client for Linux and modifying the Source engine to work natively on Linux, based on the Ubuntu distribution.[12] This announcement followed months of speculation, primarily from the website Phoronix that had discovered evidence of Linux developing in recent builds of Steam and other Valve.[13] Newell stated that getting Steam and games to work on Linux is a key strategy for Valve; Newell called the closed nature of Microsoft Windows 8 "a catastrophe for everyone in the PC space", and that Linux would maintain "the openness of the platform".[14] Valve is extending support to any developers that want to bring their games to Linux, by "making it as easy as possible for anybody who's engaged with us—putting their games on Steam and getting those running on Linux", according to Newell.[14]

The team developing the Linux client had been working for a year before the announcement to validate that such a port would be possible.[15] As of the official announcement, a near-feature-complete Steam client for Linux had been developed and successfully run on Ubuntu.[15] Internal beta testing of the Linux client started in October 2012; external beta testing occurred in early November the same year.[16][17] Open beta clients for Linux were made available in late December 2012,[18] and the client was officially released in mid-February 2013.[19] At the time of announcement, Valve's Linux division assured that its first game on the OS, Left 4 Dead 2, would run at an acceptable frame rate and with a degree of connectivity with the Windows and Mac OS X versions. From there, it began working on porting other games to Ubuntu and expanding to other Linux distributions.[12][20][21] Linux games are also eligible for SteamPlay availability.[22] Versions of Steam working under Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux were released by October 2013.[23] By June 2014, the number of Linux-compatible games on Steam had reached over 500,[24] surpassing over 1,000 by March 2015.[25] A year later, in March 2016, this number doubled to over 2,000.[26] In October 2018, Steam for Linux reached the 5,000 native games mark.[27]

In August 2018, Valve released a beta version of Proton, an open-source Windows compatibility layer for Linux, so that Linux users could run Windows games directly through Steam for Linux, removing the need to install the Windows version of Steam in Wine. Proton is composed of a set of open-source tools including Wine and DXVK among others. The software allows the use of Steam-supported controllers, even those not compatible with Windows.[28] Steam Proton added support for NVidia's 深度学习超级采样 (DLSS) on supported video cards and games in June 2021.[29]

其他平台[编辑]

At E3 2010, Newell announced that Steamworks would arrive on the PlayStation 3 with Portal 2. It would provide automatic updates, community support, downloadable content and other unannounced features.[30] Steamworks made its debut on consoles with Portal 2's PlayStation 3 release. Several features—including cross-platform play and instant messaging, Steam Cloud for saved games, and the ability for PS3 owners to download Portal 2 from Steam (Windows and Mac) at no extra cost—were offered.[31] Valve's Counter-Strike: Global Offensive also supports Steamworks and cross-platform features on the PlayStation 3, including using keyboard and mouse controls as an alternative to the gamepad.[32] Valve said it "hope[s] to expand upon this foundation with more Steam features and functionality in DLC and future content releases".[33]

The Xbox 360 does not have support for Steamworks. Newell said that they would have liked to bring the service to the console through the game Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, which would have allowed Valve to provide the same feature set that it did for the PlayStation 3,[34] but later said that cross-platform play would not be present in the final version of the game.[35] Valve attributes the inability to use Steamworks on the Xbox 360 to limitations in the Xbox Live regulations of the ability to deliver patches and new content. Valve's Erik Johnson stated that Microsoft required new content on the console to be certified and validated before distribution, which would limit the usefulness of Steamworks' delivery approach.[36]

移动端[编辑]

Valve released an official Steam client for iOS and Android devices in late January 2012, following a short beta period.[37] The application allows players to log into their accounts to browse the storefront, manage their games, and communicate with friends in the Steam community. The application also incorporates a two-factor authentication system that works with Steam Guard, further enhancing the security of a user's account. Newell stated that the application was a strong request from Steam users and sees it as a means "to make [Steam] richer and more accessible for everyone".[38] A mobile Steam client for Windows Phone devices was released in June 2016.[39] In May 2019, a mobile chat-only client for Steam was released under the name Steam Chat.[40]

On May 14, 2018, a "Steam Link" app with remote play features was released in beta to allow users to stream games to Android phones.[41] It was also submitted to the iOS App Store, but was denied by Apple Inc., who cited "business conflicts with app guidelines".[41][42] Apple later clarified its rule at the following Apple Worldwide Developers Conference in early June, in that iOS apps may not offer an app-like purchasing store, but does not restrict apps that provide remote desktop support that would allow users to purchases content through the remote desktop.[43] In response, Valve removed the ability to purchase games or other content through the app and resubmitted it for approval in June 2018, where it was accepted by Apple and allowed on their store in May 2019.[44][45]

Steam Machine[编辑]

主条目：Steam Machine (hardware platform)

Prior to 2013, industry analysts believed that Valve was developing hardware and tuning features of Steam with apparent use on its own hardware. These computers were pre-emptively dubbed as "Steam Boxes" by the gaming community and expected to be a dedicated machine focused upon Steam functionality and maintaining the core functionality of a traditional video game console.[46] In September 2013, Valve unveiled SteamOS, a custom Linux-based operating system they had developed specifically aimed for running Steam and games, and the final concept of the Steam Machine hardware.[47] Unlike other consoles, the Steam Machine does not have set hardware; its technology is implemented at the discretion of the manufacturer and is fully customizable, much like a personal computer.[48]

Steam Link[编辑]

主条目：Steam Link

Steam Link was a set-top box that removed the need for HDMI cables for displaying a PC's screen and allowed for wireless connection when connecting to a TV. That was discontinued in 2018, but now "Steam Link" refers to the Remote Play mobile app that allows users to stream content, such as games, from a PC to a mobile device over a network.[49][50][51]

Steam 云畅玩[编辑]

Valve included beta support for Steam Cloud Play in May 2020 for developers to allow users to play games in their library which developers and publishers have opted to allow in a cloud gaming service. At launch, Steam Cloud Play only worked through Nvidia's GeForce Now service and would link up to other cloud services in the future though whether Valve would run its own cloud gaming service was unclear.[52]

蒸汽平台[编辑]

2019 年 8 月在上海举行的蒸汽平台发布会

2019 年 6 月，维尔福與上海的遊戲公司完美世界合作开发中國大陆版 Steam，並定名為「蒸汽平台」。首批在该平台上架的遊戲將有約 40 款，其中包含《Dota 2》、《Dota 霸業》等[53][54]。据维尔福的業務人員透露，現有的 Steam 不会放弃中国大陆市场[55]，但还是造成了中国大陆的用户内部的恐慌。

2021 年 1 月，Valve 官方宣布蒸汽平台将于 2021 年初登陆中国[56][57]。2 月，CSGO 发布公告称蒸汽平台将于 2021 年 2 月 9 号开始进行测试[58]。

中国拥有對视频游戏和互联网使用的严格规定，但是，可以绕过中国的政府防火墙访问 Steam。目前，Steam 用户中有很大一部分来自中国。到 2017 年 11 月，超过一半的 Steam 用户基础都精通中文，这是因为“ Dota 2”和“ 绝地求生”在中国的广泛流行所造成的，[59][60] 一些开发商报告说，中国玩家约占其游戏玩家总数的 30％。[61]

在 2017 年 12 月中国屏蔽Steam社区，导致许多功能无法使用后，[62] Valve 和完美世界宣布将帮助提供符合中国因特网要求的经过正式批准的 Steam 版本。完美世界之前曾与 Valve 合作，以通过批准的政府程序帮助将“ Dota 2”和“ 反恐精英:全球攻势”带入中国。[61][63] 在蒸汽平台上发行的所有游戏都将通过政府批准程序，并满足其他政府运营要求，例如要求中国公司运行任何具有在线形象的游戏。[61]

蒸汽平台也独立于 Steam 的其余版本运行。它是根据中国对视频游戏的严格规定制成的，仅通过政府批准的内容出版。[64] Valve 并没有计划阻止中国用户访问 Steam 平台，而是会尝试确保玩家的云数据在两者之间仍然可用。[61] 该客户端于 2021 年 2 月 9 日作为公开测试版发布，发布时提供了约 40 种游戏。[65]

Steam Deck[编辑]

主条目：Steam Deck

In July 2021, Valve revealed the Steam Deck, a handheld gaming computer with plans to ship in December 2021. The Deck is designed for the play of Steam games, but can be placed into a separate dock, purchased separately, that allows the Deck to output to an external display and use the dock's power, networking, and connected USB accessories.[66]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Faylor, Chris. Steam Coming to Mac in April, Portal 2 This Fall. Shacknews. March 8, 2010 [March 8, 2010]. （原始内容存档于March 10, 2010）. 
  2. ^ Brinkmann, Martin. Steam uses insecure, out-of-date Chromium browser. ghacks.net. [March 9, 2019]. 
  3. ^ Chalk, Andy. Steam will drop Windows XP and Vista support at the end of the year. PC Gamer. June 12, 2018 [June 12, 2018]. 
  4. ^ A Brand New Steam. Valve. February 23, 2010 [February 24, 2010]. （原始内容存档于January 28, 2011）. 
  5. ^ Leahy, Brian. Valve Launches Public Beta For New Steam UI. Shacknews. February 23, 2010 [February 24, 2010]. （原始内容存档于February 24, 2010）. 
  6. ^ New Steam Client Officially Released!. Valve. April 26, 2010 [April 26, 2010]. （原始内容存档于April 29, 2010）. 
  7. ^ Nelson, J. R. Valve All But Confirms Steam and Portal 2 Coming to Mac OS X. Desktop Preview. March 7, 2010 [March 8, 2010]. （原始内容存档于May 12, 2010）. 
  8. ^ Slivka, Eric. Valve Leaks Teaser Images for Announcement of Steam (and Games) for Mac. Mac Rumors. March 3, 2010 [March 8, 2010]. （原始内容存档于March 6, 2010）. 
  9. ^ Leahy, Brian. Half-Life 2 Hits Mac Steam Tomorrow; Teased via Epic Homage Trailer. Shacknews. May 25, 2010 [May 25, 2010]. （原始内容存档于May 28, 2010）. 
  10. ^ Remo, Chris. Valve Dates Steam Mac For May 12, Updates Steam PC. Gamasutra. April 29, 2010 [May 19, 2010]. （原始内容存档于May 8, 2010）. 
  11. ^ Faylor, Chris. Steam's Cross-Platform PC/Mac Game Availability Explained: Some Must Be Bought Again. Shacknews. May 13, 2010 [May 13, 2010]. （原始内容存档于May 15, 2010）. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Steam'd Penguins. Valve. July 16, 2012 [July 24, 2013]. （原始内容存档于August 12, 2013）. 
  13. ^ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. Running Windows Games on Linux Gets Easier. PC World. May 6, 2010 [March 7, 2013]. （原始内容存档于March 15, 2013）. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Jackson, Mike. Newell: 'Windows 8 is a catastrophe for everyone in the PC space'. Computer and Video Games. July 25, 2012 [January 6, 2013]. （原始内容存档于December 26, 2012）. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Caoili, Eric. Valve throws support behind Linux with Steam, ports. Gamasutra. July 17, 2012 [July 17, 2012]. （原始内容存档于July 20, 2012）. 
  16. ^ Hussain, Tamoor. Valve to test Linux Steam next week. Computer and Video Games. September 27, 2012 [September 27, 2012]. （原始内容存档于September 30, 2012）. 
  17. ^ Miot, Stephanie. Valve Launches Closed Steam for Linux Beta. PC Magazine. November 6, 2012 [November 7, 2012]. （原始内容存档于November 9, 2012）. 
  18. ^ Purchase, Robert. Steam for Linux beta opened to all. Eurogamer. December 20, 2012 [December 20, 2012]. （原始内容存档于December 31, 2012）. 
  19. ^ Cifaldi, Frank. Steam Box phase one complete: Steam's Linux client is out now. Gamasutra. February 14, 2013 [February 14, 2013]. （原始内容存档于July 7, 2014）. 
  20. ^ Lein, Tracey. 'Left 4 Dead 2' to be first Valve game on Linux. The Verge. July 16, 2012 [July 16, 2012]. （原始内容存档于July 19, 2012）. 
  21. ^ Linux team, Valve. Faster Zombies!. Valve. August 1, 2012 [August 12, 2012]. （原始内容存档于August 10, 2012）. 
  22. ^ Fletcher, JC. The Cave welcomes visitors beginning Jan. 22 [update: prices]. Joystiq. January 15, 2013 [January 17, 2013]. （原始内容存档于January 16, 2013）. 
  23. ^ [Phoronix] Steam Lands In Fedora / RHEL RPM Fusion Repository. Phoronix. October 31, 2013 [November 22, 2013]. （原始内容存档于November 4, 2013）. 
  24. ^ Larabel, Michael. There's Now 500 Games On Steam For Linux. Phoronix. June 5, 2014 [June 6, 2014]. （原始内容存档于June 11, 2014）. 
  25. ^ Larabel, Michael. There's Now More Than 1,000 Games On Steam For Linux. Phoronix. March 11, 2015 [March 13, 2015]. （原始内容存档于March 13, 2015）. 
  26. ^ Linux now has 2,000 games on Steam, big milestone. GamingOnLinux. March 31, 2016. 
  27. ^ 5000 Linux games on Steam (and a few other numbers) : linux_gaming. Reddit. October 23, 2018. 
  28. ^ Francis, Bryant. Valve makes Windows games playable on Linux with Steam Play update. Gamasutra. August 21, 2018 [August 21, 2018]. 
  29. ^ Binns, Theo. Nvidia and Valve bring Steam-based Linux gaming PCs one step closer to Windows 10. PCGamesN. June 3, 2021 [June 3, 2021]. 
  30. ^ Thorsen, Tor. Portal 2, Steamworks PS3-bound in 2011. GameSpot. June 15, 2010 [December 23, 2014]. （原始内容存档于July 21, 2016）. 
  31. ^ Portal 2 PS3, Steam cross-platform play. Eurogamer. January 18, 2011. （原始内容存档于March 3, 2016）. 
  32. ^ Orland, Kyle. PS3 Counter-Strike: GO Gets Added Control Options, Cross-Platform Play. Gamasutra. August 26, 2011 [August 26, 2011]. （原始内容存档于November 9, 2011）. 
  33. ^ Savage, Phil. Steam concurrent users growing 300% faster than start of 2012, Dota 2 players rising steadily. PC Gamer. January 29, 2013 [January 30, 2013]. （原始内容存档于February 3, 2013）. 
  34. ^ Yin-Poole, Wesley. Valve's Gabe Newell – Interview. Eurogamer. August 25, 2011 [September 12, 2011]. （原始内容存档于August 27, 2011）. 
  35. ^ Hinkle, David. Counter-Strike: Global Offensive loses cross-play. Joystiq. March 5, 2012 [March 6, 2012]. （原始内容存档于May 30, 2012）. 
  36. ^ Robinson, Andy. Valve would 'love' Xbox Steamworks. Computer and Video Games. August 25, 2010 [December 3, 2012]. （原始内容存档于May 9, 2013）. 
  37. ^ Garrett, Patrick. Steam mobile app goes live for all. VG247. January 31, 2012 [January 31, 2012]. （原始内容存档于February 3, 2012）. 
  38. ^ Crossley, Rob. Valve launches Steam app for iOS and Android. Develop. January 26, 2012 [January 26, 2012]. （原始内容存档于January 29, 2012）. 
  39. ^ Saed, Sharif. Valve releases official Steam app on Windows Phone, for all five of you who still use it. VG247. June 29, 2016 [June 29, 2016]. （原始内容存档于June 30, 2016）. 
  40. ^ Takahashi, Dean. Steam Chat goes live on iOS and Android. VentureBeat. May 17, 2018 [November 5, 2019]. 
  41. ^ Kim, Matt. Apple Just Removed Valve's Steam Link App From the iOS App Store. USGamer. May 24, 2018 [May 24, 2018]. 
  42. ^ Nellis, Stephan. Apple issues new App Store rules aimed at streaming PC-based games. Reuters. June 4, 2018 [June 15, 2018]. 
  43. ^ Saed, Sharif. Valve submits an updated version of Steam Link iOS app. VG247. June 15, 2018 [June 15, 2018]. 
  44. ^ Byford, Sam. Valve's Steam Link app is finally available for iOS and Apple TV. The Verge. [May 22, 2019]. 
  45. ^ Scheirer, Jason. Gabe Newell: Living Room PCs Will Compete With Next-Gen Consoles. December 8, 2012 [November 6, 2013]. （原始内容存档于April 14, 2014）. 
  46. ^ Schreier, Jason. Valve Announces Steam OS. Kotaku. September 23, 2013 [November 6, 2013]. （原始内容存档于November 15, 2013）. 
  47. ^ Goldfarb, Andrew. Valve Will Announce Steam Machine Partners at CES 2014. IGN. November 4, 2013 [November 6, 2013]. （原始内容存档于November 5, 2013）. 
  48. ^ Hollister, Sean. Farewell to the Steam Link, the best wireless HDMI gadget ever made. The Verge. November 19, 2018 [November 19, 2018]. 
  49. ^ Valve's Steam Link is dead, and that sucks. PCWorld. November 20, 2018 [December 15, 2018]. 
  50. ^ McWhertor, Michael. Valve's new Steam Link update lets you stream anywhere. Polygon. March 14, 2019 [March 14, 2019]. 
  51. ^ Saed, Sherif. Steam Cloud Play beta now available to developers, supports Geforce Now. VG247. May 28, 2020 [May 28, 2020]. 
  52. ^ 完美世界與 Valve 宣布啟動「Steam 中國」計畫 將攜手推動 Steam 進軍中國. 巴哈姆特電玩資訊站. [2019-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-12）. 
  53. ^ Steam 中國版正式定名為「蒸汽平台」 陣容將完全獨立於現有的Steam. 巴哈姆特電玩資訊站. [2019-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-12）. 
  54. ^ Tapsell Chris. Valve talks Steam China, curation and exclusivity. Eurogamer. 2019-08-21 [2019-09-03]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-29） （英语）. 
  55. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为:1的参考文献提供内容
  56. ^ A9VG电玩部落. Valve官方宣布蒸汽平台将于2021年初登陆中国. 腾讯网. 2021-01-14 [2021-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-13） （中文）. 
  57. ^ CS:GO运营团队. CSGO接入公告. www.csgo.com.cn. 2021-02-03 [2021-02-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-04） （中文）. 
  58. ^ Chalk, Andy. Steam surpasses 30 million users in China. PC Gamer. October 18, 2018 [October 18, 2018]. 
  59. ^ Hall, Charlie. PUBG creator on the rise of China and the future of Battlegrounds. Polygon. December 22, 2017 [December 26, 2017]. （原始内容存档于December 26, 2017）. 
  60. ^ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Tapsell, Chris. Valve talks Steam China, curation and exclusivity. Eurogamer. August 21, 2019 [August 21, 2019]. 
  61. ^ Chalk, Andy. Steam Community access has been blocked in China. PC Gamer. December 19, 2017 [June 11, 2018]. 
  62. ^ Chalk, Andy. Valve and Perfect World are bringing Steam to China. PC Gamer. June 11, 2018 [June 11, 2018]. 
  63. ^ Kerr, Chris. Steam is heading to China as a standalone marketplace. Gamasutra. August 21, 2019 [August 21, 2019]. 
  64. ^ Clark, Mitchell. Steam has officially come to China, and Sony’s PS5 is officially coming too. The Verge. February 8, 2021 [February 8, 2021]. 
  65. ^ Peters, Jay. Valve’s gaming handheld is called the Steam Deck and it’s shipping in December. The Verge. July 15, 2021 [July 15, 2021]. 
取自“https://zh.100ke.info/w/index.php?title=User:IsConeNotConical/沙盒&oldid=67971337”