姬蛛科
球蛛科
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| 黑寡婦蜘蛛 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 蛛形綱 Arachnida |
| 目： | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
| 亞目： | 背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae |
| 下目： | 新蛛亞目 Araneomorphae |
| 演化支： | 複雜生殖器類 Entelegynae |
| 演化支： | 圓網蛛類 Orbiculariae |
| 總科： | 金蛛總科 Araneoidea |
| 科： | 姬蛛科 Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 |
| 屬 | |
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超過100屬 | |
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姬蛛科（學名：Theridiidae）又名姬蜘科、球蛛科，是蜘蛛目下的一個大科，其下共有100多屬、2200多種蜘蛛[1]。分佈遍及全球[2]。
常結不規則網於牛棚，人的住所等處。母蜘蛛將梅核形卵包掛在網中。蜘蛛毒一般是針對其獵物，對人之影響不大，一般姬蜘科蜘蛛並不危險，但其中亦有黑寡婦蜘蛛。
分類[編輯]
截至2015年11月[update]，世界蜘蛛名錄收錄有以下幾屬：[3]
- Achaearanea Strand, 1929
- Achaearyopa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
- Achaeridion Wunderlich, 2008
- Allothymoites Ono, 2007
- Ameridion Wunderlich, 1995
- Anatea Berland, 1927
- Anatolidion Wunderlich, 2008
- 阿內蛛屬 Anelosimus Simon, 1891
- Argyrodella Saaristo, 2006
- Argyrodes Simon, 1864
- Ariamnes Thorell, 1869
- Asagena Sundevall, 1833
- Asygyna Agnarsson, 2006
- Audifia Keyserling, 1884
- Bardala Saaristo, 2006
- Borneoridion Deeleman & Wunderlich, 2011
- Brunepisinus Yoshida & Koh, 2011
- Cabello Levi, 1964
- Cameronidion Wunderlich, 2011
- 鍾蛛屬 Campanicola Yoshida, 2015
- Canalidion Wunderlich, 2008
- Carniella Thaler & Steinberger, 1988
- Cephalobares O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870
- Cerocida Simon, 1894
- Chikunia Yoshida, 2009
- Chikunia albipes (Saito, 1935)
- Chikunia bilde Smith, Agnarsson & Grinsted, 2019[4]
- Chikunia nigra (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1880)
- Chorizopella Lawrence, 1947
- Chrosiothes Simon, 1894
- Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
- Coleosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
- Coscinida Simon, 1895
- Craspedisia Simon, 1894
- Cretaraneus Selden, 1990
- Cretaraneus liaoningensis Cheng et al., 2008
- Cretaraneus martinsnetoi Mesquita, 1996
- Cretaraneus vilaltae Selden, 1990
- Crustulina Menge, 1868
- Cryptachaea Archer, 1946
- Cyllognatha L. Koch, 1872
- Deelemanella Yoshida, 2003
- 圓腹蛛屬 Dipoena Thorell, 1869
- Dipoenata Wunderlich, 1988
- Dipoenura Simon, 1909
- Echinotheridion Levi, 1963
- Emertonella Bryant, 1945
- Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880
- 丘腹蛛屬 Episinus Latreille, 1809
- Euryopis Menge, 1868
- Eurypoena Wunderlich, 1992
- Exalbidion Wunderlich, 1995
- Faiditus Keyserling, 1884
- Gmogala Keyserling, 1890
- Grancanaridion Wunderlich, 2011
- Guaraniella Baert, 1984
- Hadrotarsus Thorell, 1881
- Helvibis Keyserling, 1884
- Helvidia Thorell, 1890
- Hentziectypus Archer, 1946
- Heterotheridion Wunderlich, 2008
- Hetschkia Keyserling, 1886
- Histagonia Simon, 1895
- Icona Forster, 1955
- Jamaitidion Wunderlich, 1995
- Janula Strand, 1932
- Kochiura Archer, 1950
- Landoppo Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
- Lasaeola Simon, 1881
- 寇蛛屬 Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805
- Macaridion Wunderlich, 1992
- Magnopholcomma Wunderlich, 2008
- 美蒂蛛屬 Meotipa Simon, 1894
- Molione Thorell, 1892
- 短跗蛛屬 Moneta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870
- Montanidion Wunderlich, 2011
- Nanume Saaristo, 2006
- Neopisinus Marques, Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011
- Neospintharus Exline, 1950
- Neottiura Menge, 1868
- Nesopholcomma Ono, 2010
- Nesticodes Archer, 1950
- Nipponidion Yoshida, 2001
- Nojimaia Yoshida, 2009
- Ohlertidion Wunderlich, 2008
- Okumaella Yoshida, 2009
- Paidiscura Archer, 1950
- Parasteatoda Archer, 1946
- Paratheridula Levi, 1957
- Pholcomma Thorell, 1869
- Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835
- 藻蛛屬 Phycosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
- Phylloneta Archer, 1950
- Platnickina Koçak & Kemal, 2008
- Proboscidula Miller, 1970
- Propostira Simon, 1894
- Pycnoepisinus Wunderlich, 2008
- Rhomphaea L. Koch, 1872
- 羅伯蛛屬 Robertus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
- Ruborridion Wunderlich, 2011
- Rugathodes Archer, 1950
- Sardinidion Wunderlich, 1995
- Selkirkiella Berland, 1924
- Sesato Saaristo, 2006
- Seycellesa Koçak & Kemal, 2008
- Simitidion Wunderlich, 1992
- Spheropistha Yaginuma, 1957
- Spinembolia Saaristo, 2006
- Spintharus Hentz, 1850
- Steatoda Sundevall, 1833
- Stemmops O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894
- Stoda Saaristo, 2006
- Styposis Simon, 1894
- 高蛛屬 Takayus Yoshida, 2001
- Tamanidion Wunderlich, 2011
- Tekellina Levi, 1957
- 西奧蛛屬 Theonoe Simon, 1881
- 球蛛屬 Theridion Walckenaer, 1805
- Theridula Emerton, 1882
- 銀板蛛屬 Thwaitesia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881
- Thymoites Keyserling, 1884
- Tidarren Chamberlin & Ivie, 1934
- Tomoxena Simon, 1895
- Wamba O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896
- Wirada Keyserling, 1886
- Yaginumena Yoshida, 2002
- Yoroa Baert, 1984
- 湯野蛛屬 Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007
- Zercidium Benoit, 1977
該科下還有35個已經完全滅絕的屬。[5]
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ Platnick, Norman I. The World Spider Catalog. [2009-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2009-02-21）.
- ^ Leong, Misha; Bertone, Matthew A.; Savage, Amy M.; Bayless, Keith M.; Dunn, Robert R.; Trautwein, Michelle D. The Habitats Humans Provide: Factors affecting the diversity and composition of arthropods in houses. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7 (15347) [2018-02-26]. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15584-2. （原始內容存檔於2020-03-03）.
- ^ Family: Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833, World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern), [2015-11-07], （原始內容存檔於2020-01-11）
- ^ Cassandra Smith, Addie Cotter, Lena Grinsted, Anom Bowolaksono, Ni Luh Watiniasih and Ingi Agnarsson. 2019. In A Relationship: Sister Species in Mixed Colonies, with A Description of New Chikunia Species (Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zly083. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly083
- ^ Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives (PDF). World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. 2015 [2015-11-06]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2015-11-29）.
