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Jay-Z | |
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| 歌手 | |
| 出生 | 蕭恩·蔻利·卡特 1969年12月4日 紐約市佈魯克林區 |
| 職業 | 饒舌歌手，音樂製作人 |
| 音樂類型 | 嘻哈音樂 |
| 活躍年代 | 1986年至今 |
| 唱片公司 | Roc-A-Fella, Def Jam, 環球唱片 |
| 網站 | www.jay-z.com |
| 相關團體 | Jaz-O、Memphis Bleek、Beanie Sigel、Amil、碧昂絲·諾利斯、聯合公園、肯伊·威斯特、R. Kelly、T.I.、UGK、吉姆·瓊斯、Freeway、The Notorious B.I.G.、Nas、Foxy Brown、Pharrell、酷玩樂團 |
Jay-Z（1969.12.4-）[1]，本名蕭恩·蔻利·卡特（Shawn Corey Carter），是一個美國嘻哈音樂藝術家、企業家。他曾經是Def Jam[2]與Roc-a-Fella兩傢音樂製作公司的首席執行官並持有40/40俱樂部酒吧與新澤西網隊的股份。在美國，他是獲得最大經濟上成功的嘻哈音樂藝人和企業家之一，[3]在美國本土售出了超過2600萬張唱片[4]。他受到高度而有鑽研性的讚揚的專輯《藍圖》只用了兩天時閒來創作[5]。他在2003年宣佈從音樂製作工作中隱退後，他在很晚的2006年回到了專輯《王者歸來》的製作中，這張專輯在第一周就交出了68萬張的銷售業績，這是Jay-Z在發售第一周銷量最高的專輯。[6] MTV在其「有史以來最佳MC」名錄中以「一號」為他命名。[3]《紐約時報》在2008年4月宣佈Jay-Z將要與Live Nation開始一個價值1.5億美元的合作計劃——這是頒發給音樂人的最昂貴的合約之一。[7]Jay-Z在2008年4月4日與碧昂絲·諾利斯結婚。[8]
早年[編輯]
Jay-Z的童年是在紐約布魯克林貝德斯蒂區的瑪西公共住房建造計劃的危險環境中度過的[9]，他曾經為了搶奪哥哥的珠寶而用槍擊中了他的肩膀，後來被父親阿德內斯·里弗斯拋棄[10]，當時他只有12歲[11]。在艾里·惠特尼高中關閉之前，Jay-Z和同為饒舌藝人的AZ一直在那裡讀書。後來他先後就讀於布魯克林鬧市區的喬治·威斯丁豪斯信息技術高中（和饒舌歌手The Notorious B.I.G.和Busta Rhymes一起）和新澤西州特倫頓市的特倫頓中央高中，但並沒有畢業。[12]他聲稱他曾經沉湎於毒品交易，並把他歸咎於自己的音樂。[11]
據他的母親格洛利亞·卡特回憶，年輕的Jay-Z常常在半夜像敲鼓一樣敲擊廚房料理台，把兄弟姐妹們吵醒。在他的生日裡，她終於給Jay-Z買了一台大功率的手提錄音機，這也激發了他對音樂的興趣。於是他開始嘗試自由式說唱，按照韻律寫歌詞，密切注意當時流行的音樂。他定期參加自由說唱比賽並且擊敗了Busta Rhymes，但也輸給了DMX。除此之外，Bone Thugs-N-Harmony的成員Bizzy Bone被他的雇主帶來了紐約和Jay-Z比試，據說Bizzy Bone贏得了這場比賽。[來源請求]
在他的居住地，卡特被叫做「Jaazy」這個暱稱，最後演化成了他現在的藝名——「Jay-Z」。這個暱稱也常常被大家用來向他致敬，例如「Jaz-O」(a.k.a. Jaz, Big Jaz)，以及在布魯克林區的瑪西大道車站停靠的「J/Z地鐵線」。[9]
Jay-z的聲音經常會在Jaz-O早期的，即20世紀80年代末到90年代初的作品中出現，包括《發明人》（The Originators）和《夏威夷的索菲》（Hawaiian Sophie）。他也曾經和加州英格爾伍德市的製作人「310」（Three-1-Zero）合作。Jay-Z的生涯在他與一個叫「扎伊」（Zai）的饒舌藝人比賽時有了一個飛躍。這個比賽吸引了很多唱片公司的目光，因為Jay-Z可以在與扎伊對抗時毫無失誤。他第一次被廣大聽眾們熟知是在大老爹凱恩（Big Daddy Kane）的專輯《老爹之家》Daddy's Home中的歌曲《Show and Prove》中做了一次特別協作。[13]而在1995年，他在Big L的知名歌曲《墳場》（Da Graveyard）和米克·吉羅尼莫（Mic Geronimo）的歌曲《建造時間》（Time to Build）中露過面，也為DMX、Q-Man、Ja Rule和沙茲姆·哈三特別協作過。他的第一個正式的饒舌獨唱單曲叫《無法得到》（I Can't Get With That），並為此錄製了一部MV。
音樂生涯[編輯]
《Reasonable Doubt》（1996）[編輯]
在他的專業生涯剛開始，得不到任何大合同的時候，蒂姆·達什（Dame Dash）、Jay-Z和卡利姆·比格斯（Kareem Biggs）以他們自己的獨立名義建立了Roc-A-Fella唱片。1996年，當他與優先唱片拿下他們的第一份分銷協議之後，他也推出了他的處女專輯《合理質疑》，並且得到了DJ Premier和克拉克·肯特等製作人還有當時的著名歌手The Notorious B.I.G.的祝賀。儘管這張專輯只在Billboard排行榜上取得了第23名的成績，但這仍然是一個決定性的勝利。[9]
《In My Lifetime, Vol. 1》（1997）[編輯]
在1997年與Def Jam簽訂了一份新的分銷協議之後，Jay-Z發布了他的第二張專輯《一生之中，Vol.1》。這張專輯的主要製作人是吹牛老爹——沙恩·庫伯斯，他使這張專輯的銷量比前一張專輯有所提高。Jay-Z後來提到這張專輯的製作是在他一生中狀態最差的周期期間完成的。他正在從他好友The Notorious B.I.G.逝世的悲痛中脫離出來，這張專輯是他對他所受到好友悉心指導的往事的自我披露。[14]這張專輯浮華的製作與他的第一張專輯形成了鮮明的對比，甚至有一部分忠實歌迷認為他已經江郎才盡。無論如何，這張專輯的伴奏也是由他的上張專輯的製作人協作完成的，例如DJ Premier和Ski。Jay-Z在Yes網（Yes Network）的「中心舞台」節目中說道，如果他在他的音樂生涯中只能做一件事，那就是「Vol.1」，聲稱「它（這張CD）」如此接近經典的程度，但我想提出，其中個別幾首歌毀了這一切。」他暗指的兩個例子就是《我知道女孩子們像什麼》（I Know What Girls Like）和《（永遠做我的）陽光》（(Always Be My) Sunshine）。這兩首歌都由壞男孩（Bad Boy Records）的製作人製作而且都以商品化的論調來評論它們。《一生之中，Vol.1》獲得了美國的白金唱片獎。
《Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life》《1998》[編輯]
1998's Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life spawned the biggest hit of his career at the time, "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)". He also relied more on flow and brilliant wordplay, and he continued his penchant for mining beats from the popular producers of the day such as Swizz Beatz, an upstart in-house producer for Ruff Ryders, and Timbaland. Other producers tapped for beats include: DJ Premier, Erick Sermon, The 45 King, and Kid Capri. Charting hits from this album included "Can I Get A...", featuring Ja Rule and Amil, and "Nigga What, Nigga Who", which featured Amil too. Vol. 2 would eventually become Jay-Z's most commercially successful album; it was certified 5x platinum in the United States and has to date sold over 8 million worldwide. The album went on to win a Grammy Award, although Jay-Z boycotted the ceremony protesting DMX's failure to garner a Grammy nomination.
《Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter》（1999）[編輯]
In 1999, Jay-Z released Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter. Despite continued criticism for his increasingly pop-oriented sound,[15] the album proved to be successful and went platinum three times and sold over 5.6 million records worldwide. Through his lyricism, he was able to retain respect from some of his die-hard fans. Vol. 3 is remembered for its smash hit, "Big Pimpin'" (feat. UGK). By this time, Jay-Z was seen as a hip-hop figurehead both by hardcore fans and by the hip-hop industry due to his lyrics and his high album sales.
《The Dynasty: Roc La Familia》（2000）[編輯]
The subject of much criticism, praise, popularity, condemnation, and discussion, Jay-Z decided to begin developing other artists. Around 2000, he and Damon Dash signed various artists (including "Dynasty" members Amil, Beanie Sigel and Memphis Bleek) and began introducing them to the public. He next appeared on The Dynasty: Roc La Familia, which was intended as a compilation album to introduce these new artists, though the album had Jay-Z's name on it to strengthen market recognition and by extension, sales. This strategy worked to an extent - The Dynasty: Roc La Familia sold over 2 million units in the U.S. alone.
《The Blueprint》（2001）[編輯]
In 2001, Jay-Z released The Blueprint which was later considered by many to be one of hip hop's "classic" albums, receiving the coveted 5 mic review from The Source magazine. Released during the wake of September 11 attacks, the album managed to debut at number one on the Billboard 200, selling more than 427,000 units;[16] the album's success was overshadowed by the tragic event. The Blueprint has been certified two-time Platinum in the United States.[17] This album was the first since his breakthrough album Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life not to feature Amil, who was dropped in late 2000 because of a feud between Jay-Z/Roc-A-Fella and herself, caused by her meager album sales and her weight gain.
The Blueprint was applauded for its production and the balance of "mainstream" and "hardcore" rap, receiving recognition from both audiences. Eminem was the only guest artist on the album, producing and rapping on the single "Renegade". Four of the thirteen tracks on the album were produced by Kanye West and represents one of West's first major breaks in the industry. The Blueprint also includes the popular "Izzo (H.O.V.A.)" and "Takeover", a song that takes on rivals Prodigy of Mobb Deep and Nas.
《The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse》（2002）[編輯]
Jay-Z's next solo album was 2002's 4 million (U.S. only) selling The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse, a double-album. The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one, selling over 545,000 units and surpassing The Blueprint.[18] It was later reissued in a single-disc version, The Blueprint 2.1, which retained half of the tracks from the original and went on to sell a further 800,000 copies. The album spawned two massive hit singles, "Excuse Me Miss" and "Bonnie and Clyde" featuring Jay-Z's girlfriend of four years Beyoncé Knowles. "Guns & Roses", a track featuring Lenny Kravitz, and "Hovi Baby" were two successful radio singles as well. The album also features the tracks "A Dream", featuring Faith Evans and a recording of the late The Notorious B.I.G.; and "The Bounce", featuring Kanye West (who, at that time, was not yet an artist). The Blueprint 2.1 features tracks that do not appear on The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse, such as "Stop", "La La La (Excuse Me Again)", "What They Gonna Do, Part II" and "Beware" produced by and featuring Panjabi MC.
與Nas的持續競爭[編輯]
Tension between the two supposedly dates as far back as 1996, when Nas refused to make a guest appearance on Jay-Z's debut album Reasonable Doubt. However, the relationship between the two rappers remained peaceful (Jay-Z even giving a shoutout to Nas in his album liner notes),[19] and the tension did not escalate to full-blown rivalry until after the death of the Notorious B.I.G. The position of favorite rapper in New York seemed vacant after the death of Biggie, and fans were eager to see who would take over.
The dispute involved many of the rappers, especially associates at Roc-a-Fella Records, who declared an all-out war against Nas. However, the feud died down somewhat toward the end of 2002. It is believed by most that Nas won this battle, though it is still a subject of intense debate. New York radio station Hot 97 tried to settle the matter by taking votes, matching "Ether"/"Stillmatic" against "Takeover"/"Supa Ugly". Nas won with 58% while Jay-Z got 42% of the votes. Nas and Jay-Z have paid tribute to each other in interviews, likening the battle to a world title boxing match that pitched the best against the best, and pleased with the entertainment it provided fans. After Jay-Z signed Nas to Def Jam (of which Jay-Z was president and CEO), he also featured on Nas's first Def Jam album, Hip Hop Is Dead, where he does a song with Nas called "Black Republican." The rivalry also impacted their careers critically and commercially. The battle was significant in that it revived the trend of using 'beefs' as a source for publicity and promotion for hip hop artists, originally unpopular following the tragic deaths of Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G., now prevalent within the hip hop community.
《The Black Album》（2003）[編輯]
Jay-Z toured with 50 Cent, Busta Rhymes and Sean Paul while finishing work on what was announced as his final album, The Black Album. He worked with several producers including Just Blaze, The Neptunes, Kanye West, Timbaland, Eminem, DJ Quik, 9th Wonder and Rick Rubin. Notable songs on the album included "What More Can I Say", "Dirt Off Your Shoulder", "Change Clothes", and "99 Problems". The latter was a cross-over hit comparable to the Beastie Boys' "No Sleep Till Brooklyn", which some believe pays homage to the now-rare old-school rap style. A few of the songs done on this album portray a more personal side of Jay-Z; for example, "Moment of Clarity" sheds light on his feelings towards his estranged father and coping with his death. It also deals with accusations that he sold out to reach a wider audience. "What More Can I Say" addresses the "biting" accusations leveled against him by Nas in "Ether" and other detractors, as Jay-Z raps, "I'm not a biter I'm a writer for myself and others/I say a Big verse I'm only biggin' up my brother." During that same year, Jay-Z supplied new rhymes on a remix of Panjabi MC's "Mundian To Bach Ke", a desi rap jam with a Bhangra flavor of which Jay-Z became enamored after hearing it at a nightclub in Hong Kong. Re-released as "Beware of the Boys", the East-West hip-hop fusion track charted in North America. The Black Album has sold 3 million copies in the US.
In 2004, there was a runaway hit remix project by Danger Mouse called The Grey Album in which Jay-Z's Black Album vocals were blended with instrumentals sampled exclusively from The Beatles' White Album (which subsequently embroiled the DJ in a lawsuit that was later dropped with EMI, the owners of the Beatles' work). This was made possible by an a cappella version of the "Black Album" that Jay-Z released with the specific intent for others to mix. The success of The Grey Album led to a rainbow of Black Album remix projects including The Red Album, The Blue Album and so forth.
《Collision Course》（2004）[編輯]
Also in 2004, Jay-Z collaborated with rock group Linkin Park. The project was named Collision Course, and contained a six track EP, as well as a making of DVD. Some of the mash ups tracks were entitled "Dirt Off Your Shoulder/Lying From You", "Jigga What/Faint", and "Numb/Encore". "Numb/Encore" went on to win a Grammy for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration, and was also performed with Linkin Park live at the Grammys, with a special appearance by Paul McCartney, who added verses from his song Yesterday. The EP sold over two million copies in the US alone.
第一次退休[編輯]
2003年11月25日，Jay-Z在麥迪遜廣場公園舉辦了一次演唱會，！◎￥！◎％
On November 25, 2003, Jay-Z held a concert at Madison Square Garden, which would later be the focus of his film Fade to Black. This concert was his "retirement party". All proceeds went to charity. Other performers included collaborators like The Roots (in the form of his backing band), Missy Elliott, Memphis Bleek, Beanie Siegel, Freeway, Mary J. Blige, Beyoncé, Twista, Ghostface Killah, Foxy Brown, Pharrell and R. Kelly with special appearances by Voletta Wallace and Afeni Shakur, the mothers of The Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac Shakur respectively.
While Jay-Z had attested to a retirement from making new studio albums, various side projects and appearances soon followed. Included in these were a greatest hits record, mash-up projects and concert appearances with R. Kelly and Linkin Park.
Jay-Z was the executive producer of Fort Minor's debut album The Rising Tied. Mike Shinoda got together with Jay-Z and Linkin Park bandmate Brad Delson to discuss what tracks should make the album.
「宣戰」（I Declare War）演唱會[編輯]
Having been such a visible artist in the late 1990s through the early 2000s, Jay-Z has been the subject of more rap-related controversy than most artists in mainstream hip-hop. Some of these have been resolved, some are ongoing, and some have simply dissipated.
On October 27, 2005, Jay-Z headlined New York's Power 105.1 annual concert, Powerhouse. The concert was entitled the "I Declare War" Concert leading to intense speculation in the weeks preceding the event on whom exactly Jay-Z would declare war. As he had previously "declared war" on other artists taking lyrical shots at him at other events, many believed that the Powerhouse show would represent an all-out assault by Jay-Z upon his rivals. However, an anticipated response to subliminal shots taken by The Game and Cam'ron never materialized.
The theme of the concert was Jay-Z's position as President and CEO of Def Jam, complete with an on-stage mock-up of the Oval Office. Many artists made appearances such as the old roster of Roc-A-Fella records artists, as well as Ne-Yo, Teairra Mari, T.I., Young Jeezy, Akon, Kanye West, Paul Wall, The LOX, and Diddy.
At the conclusion of the concert, Jay-Z put many arguments to rest to the surprise of hip-hop fans. Instead of declaring war, he declared that he was the "United Nations of this rap shit". The most significant development in this show was closure to the infamous hip hop rivalry between Jay-Z and Nas. The two former rivals shook hands and shared the stage together to perform Jay-Z's "Dead Presidents" blended with Nas's song "The World is Yours" from which "Dead Presidents" had sampled the vocals on the chorus. Nas's verses were rapped over the "Dead Presidents" beat in the vein of a mix song done by DJ Statik Selektah. Nas also performed songs of his own later in the show.
Disagreements between other artists were also brought to a close (or put on hold) at the Powerhouse show. The event brought together for the first time in years, Diddy and The LOX, both having had a long-standing animosity due to a contract agreement and the latter's departure from Bad Boy Entertainment. Shortly after the concert, the altercation was fully rectified.
The event also saw the return of Beanie Sigel from incarceration. There had been some speculation that Beanie Sigel was going to depart from Roc-A-Fella Records, but this concert proved otherwise. Beanie and The LOX's Jadakiss also officially ended their own argument when they, Jay-Z, the rest of the LOX and Sauce Money (who had been thought to have some animosity towards Jay-Z, but this was also untrue) all performed the song "Reservoir Dogs".
《Kingdom Come》（2006）[編輯]
Jay-Z returned with his comeback album on November 21, 2006 titled Kingdom Come.[20] Jay-Z's comeback single, "Show Me What You Got", was leaked on the Internet in early October 2006, scheduled to be released later on that month, received heavy air-play after its leak, causing the FBI to step in and investigate.[21] Jay-Z worked with video director Hype Williams, and the single's video was directed by F. Gary Gray (Friday, The Italian Job). The album features producers such as Just Blaze, Pharrell, Kanye West, Dr. Dre and Coldplay's Chris Martin (single entitled "Beach Chair").[22][23] This album has sold 2 million copies in the U.S. alone. In June 2007, Jay-Z reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 with Rihanna's "Umbrella", becoming his first number one song since "Crazy in Love" with Beyoncé.
《American Gangster》（2007）[編輯]
Jay-Z released his tenth album entitled American Gangster on November 6, 2007. After viewing the film, he was heavily inspired to create a new "concept" album that depicts his experiences as a street-hustler.[24] The album is not the film's official soundtrack, although it will be distributed by Def Jam.[25] Jay-Z's American Gangster depicts his life in correlation to the movie American Gangster.
At the start of the album's first single, "Blue Magic", Jay-Z offers a dealer's manifesto while making references to political figures of the late 1980s with the lyric: "Blame Reagan for making me to into a monster, blame Oliver North and Iran-Contra, I ran contraband that they sponsored, before this rhymin' stuff we was in concert."[26] Also notable about the "Blue Magic" music video was Jay-Z flashing 500 euro notes, in what Harvard Business School professor Rawi Abdelal has called a "turning point in American pop culture's response to globalization."
格拉斯頓伯里音樂節以及更往後的日子[編輯]
It was controversially announced on February 2, 2008 that Jay-Z would headline Glastonbury Festival in 2008, becoming the first major hip-hop artist to headline the British festival.[27][28] He was blamed by some for relatively slow ticket sales for the festival[29], although a more likely cause is the preceding run of terrible weather and flooding that in 2007 made life at the festival very difficult.[30] One of the more outspoken critics of his selection was Noel Gallagher of Oasis fame. In response to Gallagher's criticism, Jay-Z opened his Glastonbury set with a tongue-in-cheek cover of Oasis's iconic song "Wonderwall".[31] His Glastonbury performance was heralded as a successful response to pre-festival criticism.[32] He also headlined many other summer festivals in 2008, including Roskilde Festival in Denmark[33], Hove Festival in Norway[34] and O2 Wireless Festival in London.[35]
Jay-Z also stated that after he finishing touring he's going to start another album.[36] Timbaland has previously stated that he will be producing the entire album.[37] Recently, however, Jay-Z went on record to say that it is not guaranteed to be a full Timbaland production.[38]
During Kanye West's August 6 concert at Madison Square Garden, Jay-Z came out to perform a new song and he and Kanye proclaimed that it was to be on The Blueprint 3.[39]
葛來美獲獎紀錄[編輯]
| 年度 | 獎項 | 結果 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 最佳饒舌獨唱 | "Hard Knock Life" | 獲提名 |
| 1999 | 最佳饒舌/演唱對唱 | "Money Ain't a Thang" | 獲提名 |
| 1999 | 最佳饒舌專輯 | Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life | 獲獎 |
| 2001 | 最佳饒舌/演唱對唱 | "Big Pimpin" | 獲獎 |
| 2001 | 最佳饒舌專輯 | Vol. 3: The Life and Times of S. Carter | 獲提名 |
| 2002 | 最佳饒舌/演唱對唱 | "Change the Game" | 獲提名 |
| 2002 | 最佳饒舌獨唱 | "Izzo (H.O.V.A.)" | 獲提名 |
| 2003 | 最佳饒舌男歌手 | "Song Cry" | 獲提名 |
| 2004 | 最佳饒舌專輯 | The Blueprint 2: The Gift & Curse | 獲提名 |
| 2004 | 最佳饒舌歌曲 | "Excuse Me Miss" | 獲提名 |
| 2004 | 最佳饒舌演唱 | "Frontin" | 獲提名 |
| 2004 | 最佳節奏藍調歌曲 | "Crazy In Love" | 獲獎 |
| 2004 | 最佳饒舌演唱 | "Crazy In Love" | 獲獎 |
| 2004 | 年度唱片 | "Crazy In Love" | 獲提名 |
| 2005 | 最佳饒舌獨唱 | "99 Problems" | 獲獎 |
| 2005 | 最佳饒舌專輯 | The Black 專輯 | 獲提名 |
| 2005 | 最佳饒舌歌曲 | "99 Problems" | 獲提名 |
| 2006 | 最佳饒舌演唱 | "Numb/Encore" | 獲獎 |
| 2007 | 最佳節奏藍調歌曲 | "Deja Vu" | 獲提名 |
| 2007 | 最佳饒舌演唱 | "Deja Vu" | 獲提名 |
| 2008 | 年度唱片 | "Umbrella" | 獲提名 |
| 2008 | 年度歌曲 | "Umbrella" | 獲提名 |
| 2008 | 最佳饒舌演唱 | "Umbrella" | 獲獎 |
| 2008 | 最佳饒舌獨唱 | "Show Me What You Got" | 獲提名 |
| 2008 | 最佳饒舌專輯 | "Kingdom Come" | 獲提名 |
全部影片紀錄[編輯]
| 拍攝年份 | 電影標題 |
|---|---|
| 1998 | 《街道在注視》（Streets Is Watching） |
| 2000 | 《艱苦人生》（Hard Knock Life） |
| 2002 | 《國家財產》（State Property） |
| 2002 | 《紙兵》（Paper Soldiers） |
| 2004 | 《淡出》（Fade to Black） |
| 2006 | 《Jay-Z的日記：生命之水》（Diary of Jay-Z: Water for Life） |
備註[編輯]
- ^ Jay-Z. IMDB網絡電影資料庫，2008年10月23日
- ^ http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/page/news/47700-jay-z-leaves-def-jam-presidency Pitchfork：Jay-Z讓出Def Jam的頭把交椅
- ^ 3.0 3.1 http://www.mtv.com/bands/h/hip_hop_week/2006/emcees/index11.jhtml 有史以來最強MC]，MTV。2006年12月26日查閲。 引用錯誤：帶有name屬性「mtv最佳」的
<ref>標籤用不同內容定義了多次 - ^ 美國唱片業協會 - 白金銷量 - 2008年8月8日
- ^ 在紀實DVD《衝擊之路》中提到。《衝擊之路》（Collision Course）Jay-Z、聯合公園（Linkin Park）. Roc-A-Fella/華納兄弟唱片公司/Machine Shop Recordings，2004。
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003465594 Jay-Z憑藉最佳的初次演出建立他的王朝。Billboard.com，2006年11月29日查閲。
- ^ Jeff Leeds，「饒舌歌手的交易的一個新典範」紐約時報，2008年4月3日查閲。
- ^ Jay-Z和Beyonce結婚People.com
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Birchmeier, Jason. Jay-Z Biography. Allmusic. Last accessed August 24, 2007.
- ^ The King Of Rap , Jay-Z Has Built A Billion-Dollar Business - CBS News
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Adaso, Henry. How Well Do You Know Jay-Z? About.com. Last accessed August 24, 2007.
- ^ Jay-Z Picture, Profile, Gossip, and News at CelebrityWonder.com
- ^ http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:3ifpxqyhldje
- ^ Jay-Z - AskMen.com
- ^ Jay-Z biography.
- ^ Martens, Todd. Jay-Z Draws 'Blueprint' For Chart Dominance. Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc). 2001-09-20 [2008-11-12].
- ^ Gold and Platinum. Recording Industry Association of America. [2008-11-13].
- ^ Martens, Todd. Jay-Z Scores 5th Chart-Topper With 'Blueprint'. Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc). 2002-11-20 [2008-11-12].
- ^ Reid, Shaheem. Nas vs. Jay-Z: Grade-A Beef. MTV. [2007-02-13].
- ^ Welte, Jim. Jay-Z preps Kingdom Come. MP3.com. 2006-09-13 [2006-09-13].
- ^ Legal Action to be Taken over Jay-Z Single Leak?. World Entertainment News. 2006-10-09 [2006-09-13].
- ^ Jay-Z Ends His Retirement With Star-Studded Comeback Album. San Francisco Chronicle. 2006-09-15. 已忽略未知參數
|accessyear=(幫助); 已忽略未知參數|accessmonthday=(幫助) - ^ Reid, Shaheem. Jay-Z's 'Retirement' Is Finally Over: New Album Due In November. MTV News. 2006-09-14 [2006-09-17].
- ^ DAVID M. HALBFINGER and JEFF LEED. For Jay-Z, Inspiration Arrives in a Movie. New York Times. 2007-09-20. 已忽略未知參數
|accessyear=(幫助); 已忽略未知參數|accessmonthday=(幫助) - ^ Shake. Jay-Z to Release 'American Gangster'. HipHopDX. 2007-09-20. 已忽略未知參數
|accessyear=(幫助); 已忽略未知參數|accessmonthday=(幫助) - ^ Johns Hopkins Newsletter: New Vibrations
- ^ Jay-Z confirmed for Glastonbury. BBC News. 2008-02-01 [2008-02-01].
- ^ Jay-Z confirmed to headline Glastonbury 2008 News | NME.COM
- ^ Glasto tix still left. BBC Radio 6 Music. 2008-04-11 [2008-11-02].
- ^ BBC - Newsbeat - Music - Glastonbury tickets 'available'
- ^ Jay-Z's Glastonbury Wonderwall dig at Noel Gallagher
- ^ Jay-Z answers critics in Glastonbury performance
- ^ Roskilde Festival: Forside
- ^ Hove Festival Homepage
- ^ http://www.o2wirelessfestival.co.uk/lineup/index.aspx Official line-up
- ^ [http://nahright.com/news/2008/07/04/jay-says-hed-work-with-oasis-speaks-on-new-album/#more-5581 Jay Says He’d Work With Oasis, Speaks On New Album] Accessed July 4, 2008.
- ^ Timbaland On Producing Jay-Z's Next LP: 'It'll Be A Monster' Accessed July 16, 2008.
- ^ "HHWorlds.com" - Jay-Z Downplays Timbaland's Role, Praises Obama
- ^ Jay-Z performs Blueprint 3 track with Kanye
外部鏈接[編輯]
- Jay-Z官方網站
- Niceboat/Draft2的MySpace主頁
- LyricWiki網站收錄的Jay-Z的歌詞
- Roc-a-Fella唱片公司的資料
- Def Jam唱片公司
- S. Carter學會
- The 40/40 Club
- Rocawear時裝公司
- Jay-Z在網際網路電影資料庫（IMDb）上的資料（英文）
[[Category:1969年出生]] [[Category:在世人物]] [[Category:歌手]] [[Category:葛莱美奖获得者]]