衣鱼目
外观
衣鱼目 化石时期:[1]
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斑衣鱼(Thermobia domestica) | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
(未分级): | 双髁类 Dicondylia |
目: | 衣鱼目 Zygentoma |
科 | |
见正文 |
衣鱼目(學名:Zygentoma)是昆蟲綱下的一個目,包含了5科約550個物種,分布於全世界,是現存最原始的昆蟲類群之一。本目和石蛃目在20世紀末被視爲纓尾目(Thysanura)下的亞目,於纓尾目被取消後分別獨立成目。
衣鱼体细扁且外覆銀灰色鱗片,触角多节,复眼发达或退化,無翅;腹部11节,腹下有腹刺若干对,有3个尾鬃(一对长尾鬚,尾鬚之间生有一丝状中尾丝)。幼体形似成体,唯身形较小。2-3年后性成熟。一生蜕皮多达35次,每年蜕皮3-5次。有些種類寿命可长达7年。
在室內生活的衣魚物種以富含淀粉的有機物为食,一般栖息于古旧房屋和书籍、衣物中,常严重危害书籍和纸张等物。野生的種類以任何有机碎屑为食,通常棲息在黑暗、潮濕的環境中,如洞穴中或岩石下方等,其中有些物種與蟻群間有著共生關係,例如Trichatelura manni[2]和Allotrichotriura saevissima[3]等。
下级分类[编辑]
本科包括以下属:[4]
- Ateluridae
- Carbotripluridae
- 毛衣鱼科 Lepidotrichidae ,鳞衣鱼科
- 衣鱼科 Lepismatidae
- 光衣鱼科 Maindroniidae
- 土衣鱼科 Nicoletiidae Escherich, 1905
- Acanthonima Espinasa, 2005
- Allograssiella Mendes & Schmid, 2010
- Allonicoletia Mendes, 1992
- Allotrichotriura Mendes, Fox, Solis & Bueno, 2009
- Allotrinemurodes Mendes, 2002
- Anelpistina Silvestri, 1905
- Atelura Heyden, 1855
- Ausallatelura Smith, 2007
- Australiatelura Mendes, 1995
- Canariletia Molero, Gaju, López & Bach, 2014
- Coletinia Wygodzinsky, 1980
- Cubacubana Wygodzinsky & Hollinger, 1977
- Dodecastyla Paclt, 1974
- Galenatelura Smith, 2009
- Gibboletia Espinasa & Smith, 2023
- Grassiella Silvestri, 1898
- Hematelura Escherich, 1906
- Hemitrinemura Mendes, 1994
- Lepidina Silvestri, 1949
- Lepidospora Escherich, 1905
- Lepidospora Tahami, Molero, Gaju & Sadeghi, 2018
- Metrinura Mendes, 1994
- Neonicoletia Paclt, 1979
- Nicoletia Gervais, 1843
- Paleograssiella Mendes & Poinar, 2013
- Persiatelurina Tahami, Molero, Gaju & Sadeghi, 2018
- Principella Mendes, 2010
- Proatelura Silvestri, 1921
- Proatelurina Paclt, 1963
- Prosthecina Silvestri, 1933
- Protrinemura Silvestri, 1942
- Pseudobrinckina Mendes, 2002
- Pseudogastrotheus Mendes, 2003
- Speleonycta Espinasa, Furst, Allen & Slay, 2010
- Spinanycta Espinasa, Gutierrez & Niemiller, 2024
- Spinanycta alabamensis Espinasa, Gutierrez & Niemiller, 2024[5]
- Squamatinia Mendes & Reboleira, 2012
- Squamigera Espinasa, 1999
- Subnicoletia Silvestri, 1909
- Subtrinemura Smith, 1998
- Texoreddellia Wygodzinsky, 1973
- Trichatelura Silvestri, 1932
- Trinemura Silvestri, 1908
- Trinemurodes Silvestri, 1921
- Troglotheus Smith & McRae, 2014
- 原衣鱼科 Protrinemuridae
- Tricholepidiidae
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed.. Oxford University Press. 1998: 320. ISBN 0-19-510033-6.
- ^ Torgerson, Richard L.; Akre, Roger D. Reproductive morphology and behavior of a thysanuran, Trichatelura manni, associated with army ants. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 1969, 62 (6): 1367–1374. doi:10.1093/aesa/62.6.1367.
- ^ Mendes, Luis F.; Fox, Eduardo G. P.; Solis, Daniel R.; Bueno, Odair C. New Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma: Insecta) from Brazil living in fire-ant (Hymenoptera: Insecta) nests (PDF). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 2009, 49 (34): 467–475 [2022-04-04]. ISSN 1807-0205. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009003400001 . (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-18).
- ^ Zygentoma. GBIF. [2024-06-15].
- ^ Luis Espinasa, Abrianna Gutierrez, Amata Hinkle and Matthew L. Niemiller. 2024. A New Genus and Species of nicoletiid Silverfish (Insecta, Zygentoma, Nicoletiidae) from Caves of northern Alabama, USA. Subterranean Biology. 49: 1-17. DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.49.119986
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