创业 (英語:entrepreneurship )指开创新事业。近几年最常见形式是开创新商业(俗称创业公司 )。尽管如此,这术语已被扩展到在社会和政治上的企业家活动。当企业家精神用来描述在公司或大型公司组织内部的活动[註 1] ,就称“新創事業”(intrapreneurship)[1] 。
根据全球企业家监测的企业家学者和创建者Paul Reynolds所述:“到目前,在美国所有工作的人在他们退休时,其中半数人可能有过一到多年自我雇佣 的时段;四分之一人很可能从事于自我雇佣 超过六年之久。在美国工人的职业规划 中,开创一份新事业是很司空见惯的。”[2]
國家/地区 [ 编辑 ]
中國的新創企業統計中,大部分的新創事業度不過四年的風險期,據數據統計2017年度有150家新創企業倒閉。[3]
開創新事業的常見方式分別有生意買賣及連鎖加盟,有部份香港人會透過生意轉讓顧問[4] 及特許加盟顧問尋找創業意見。
参考文献 [ 编辑 ]
延伸读物 [ 编辑 ]
Blackburn, Robert. Small Business and Entrepreneurship. 2008. ISBN 9781412934374 . doi:10.4135/9781446263433 .
Bowman, Erik. Entrepreneur Training Manual, Third Edition: Certified Entrepreneur Workbook . Guanzi Institute Press. July 2011 [2022-08-18 ] . ISBN 978-0-9837862-9-0 . (原始内容存档 于2020-09-22).
Deakins, D.; Freel, M. S. Entrepreneurial activity, the economy and the importance of small firms. Entrepreneurship and small firms . McGraw-Hill Education. 2009 [2022-08-18 ] . ISBN 978-0-07-712162-4 . (原始内容存档 于2022-01-20).
Dana, Leo Paul 2010, "Nunavik, Arctic Quebec: Where Co-operatives Supplement Entrepreneurship," Global Business and Economics Review 12 (1/2), January 2010, pp. 42–71.
Duening, Thomas N.; Hisrich, Robert A.; Lechter, Michael A. Technology Entrepreneurship: Creating, Capturing, and Protecting Value . Academic Press. 21 October 2009 [2022-08-18 ] . ISBN 978-0-08-092288-1 . (原始内容存档 于2020-09-17).
Entrepreneurship Resources: http://www.entrepreneurship.org/ (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 )
Entrepreneurship Lesson Plan http://www.econedlink.org/teacher-lesson/228s (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 )
Foo, M.D. Emotions and entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2011, 35 (2): 375–393.
James W. Halloran. Your Small Business Adventure: Finding Your Niche and Growing a Successful Business . ALA/Huron Street Press. 2014. ISBN 978-1-937589-44-8 .
Leitão, João; Baptista, Rui. Public Policies for Fostering Entrepreneurship: A European Perspective . Springer Science Business Media. 10 June 2009 [2022-08-18 ] . ISBN 978-1-4419-0249-8 . (原始内容存档 于2020-09-29).
Lundstrom, Anders; Stevenson, Lois A. Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice . Springer. 30 March 2005 [2022-08-18 ] . ISBN 978-0-387-24140-1 . (原始内容存档 于2020-09-17).
Minniti, M.; Moren, L. Entrepreneurial types and economic growth . Journal of Business Venturing. 2010, 25 (3): 305–314 [2016-10-23 ] . doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.002 . (原始内容存档 于2020-11-07).
Shane, S.; Venkataraman, S. The Promise of Entrepreneurship as A Field of Research . Academy of Management Review. 2000, 25 (1): 217–226. JSTOR 259271 . doi:10.5465/amr.2000.2791611 .
Shane, S. The genetics of entrepreneurial performance. International Small Business Journal. 2013, 31 (5): 473–495. doi:10.1177/0266242613485767 .
Sobel, Russell S. Entrepreneurship . David R. Henderson (ed.) (编). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics 2nd. Indianapolis: Library of Economics and Liberty . 2008 [2016-10-23 ] . ISBN 978-0-86597-665-8 . OCLC 237794267 . (原始内容存档 于2020-12-05).
Swedberg, Richard. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View . Stockholm University. 1998 [2022-08-18 ] . (原始内容存档 于2020-09-17).
Zahra, Shaker A. A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges . Journal of Business Venturing. 2009, 24 (5): 519–532. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007 .
Zhang, S.X.; Cueto, J. The Study of Bias in Entrepreneurship . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2015: n/a [2016-10-23 ] . doi:10.1111/etap.12212 . (原始内容存档 于2015-12-08).
Tony Bailetti. Technology Entrepreneurship: Overview, Definition, and Distinctive Aspects . Technology Innovation Management Review. February 2012 [23 December 2012] . (原始内容存档 于2020-10-20) (英语) .
Dr Thomas N. Duening, Robert D. Hisrich, Michael A Lechter, Esq. Technology Entrepreneurship: Value Creation, Protection, and Capture . Academic Press. 2009. ISBN 0123745020 (英语) .
Jessica Livingston. Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days. Apress. 2007. ISBN 1590597141 (英语) .
Anders Lundstrom, Lois A. Stevenson. Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice . Springer. 2005. ISBN 038724140X (英语) .
Richard Swedberg. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View. Oxford University Press. 2000. ISBN 019829462X (英语) .
João Leitão, Rui Baptista. Public Policies for Fostering Entrepreneurship. Springer. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4419-0248-1 (英语) .
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