User:31cc/沙盒/Q111、Q113和Q114巴士

维基百科，自由的百科全书

Q111、Q113和Q114巴士线路构成纽约皇后區牙买加和远洛克威社区之间的公共交通线路，主要沿盖伊·R·布鲁尔林荫路运行。Q113和Q114在牙买加和远洛克威之间提供限停服务，连接两个主要的巴士地铁枢纽，并穿越拿骚县。Q111仅在皇后区提供本地服务，但往返拿骚县锡达赫斯特的特定高峰时段行程除外。目前以MTA區域巴士營運品牌运营。 Q113和Q114是洛克威半岛和纽约市“大陆”之间为数不多的公共交通选择之一。

该走廊最初是一条于1897年开始运营的有轨电车线路，称为远洛克威线[1][2]、牙买加-远洛克威线[3]、远洛克威-牙买加线或牙买加和远洛克威线[4]。 1933年，该铁路公司重组为牙买加巴士公司，并开始在纽约市的特许经营权下沿线运营巴士（Q113 的前身）。Q111和Q113将在纽约市交通局的补贴下运营，直至2006年1月牙买加巴士被MTA巴士公司收购。2014年8月31日，Q114从Q113中分离出来，提供额外的限停服务。

q111, q114
q113, q114
牙买加——远洛克威线
A Q113 Limited Bus at Jamaica Center Bus Terminal in Queens
一辆使用New Flyer铰链式巴士的Q113行驶在皇后区牙买加社区。
概覽
所属系统MTA区域公共汽车运营
營運公司MTA巴士
所屬車廠贝斯利公园车库
使用車輛New Flyer Xcelsior XD60
Orion VII NG HEV
Nova Bus LFS（补充服务）
开行日1897（电车线）
1930（洛克威-拿骚县巴士线）
1933
线路信息
區域美国纽约市皇后区及纽约州拿骚县
社區服務皇后区：牙买加、南牙买加、斯普林菲尔德花园、罗斯代尔、远洛克威
拿骚县：伍德米尔、锡达赫斯特、因伍德、劳伦斯[5]
起點站皇后区牙买加社区 – 帕森斯林荫路 & 山边道
途經盖伊·R·布鲁尔林荫路、第147大道 （Q111）、洛克威林荫路（Q113、Q114）、 纽约州878号公路（拿骚高速公路）（Q113）
終點站Q111：
  • 罗斯代尔 – 弗朗西斯·刘易斯大道 & 第148大道
  • 拿骚县锡达赫斯特 – 半岛林荫路 & 洛克威林荫路（仅选段高峰时段）
Q113/Q114： 远洛克威 – 西格特大道和海滩第20街
线路长度Q111: 6.5英里（10.5公里）[5]
Q113/Q114: 12英里（19公里）[5][6][7]
运营日期24小时（Q111, Q114）引证错误：<ref>标签中没有内容 Q113除清晨和夜间外全天运营[note 1][8][9]
票价补贴Q111: 2,420,076 (2023)[10]
Q113: 730,543 (2023)[10]
Q114: 1,338,411 (2023)[10]
時間表Q111 Q113/Q114

路线说明及服务[编辑]

一辆开往罗斯戴尔的Q111（上）和一辆开往远洛克威的Q114 LTD（下）在牙买加山边道附近的帕森斯林荫路投入服务。

目前的服务[编辑]

目前的Q113和Q114路线大部分沿用原来的电车路线，但也有一些例外。 2019年6月之前，Q114在皇后区-拿骚县线附近转向147大道和布鲁克维尔大道，然后沿着拿骚县路线前往远洛克威。Q113路线沿牙买加和县线之间的原始路线行驶，通过拿骚高速公路和中央大道的南部部分绕过拿骚县路线的大部分。 自2019年6月起，由于布鲁克维尔大道南部出现洪水问题，Q114与牙买加和拿骚高速公路之间的 Q113沿同一路线运营。在遠洛克威-莫特大道車站以南，两条路线均沿莫特大道、Cornaga大道、海滩第九街和Seagirt林荫路行驶至Wavecrest Gardens Apartments 附近的海滩20街；[5][9][11][12][13]这个扩展是在20世纪50年代添加的。[14]Q113 和 Q114 都是有轨电车线路的直接继承者，[15][16][17]并在皇后区的盖伊·R·布鲁尔大道 (Guy R. Brewer Boulevard) 上停靠有限的站点。[note 1][5][9][11][12][13]

Q111沿布鲁尔大道向南行驶，沿第147大道向东行驶，终点位于皇后区罗斯代尔的弗朗西斯刘易斯大道，靠近拿骚县南谷溪的边界。 白天，Q111巴士在斯普林菲尔德花园的农民大道短途交替运行。 Q111的部分工作日线路继续经过罗斯代尔进入拿骚县，然后向南和向西经半岛大道转向，最后到达锡达赫斯特的洛克威收费公路。 沿第147大道和拿骚县的Q111路线反映了电车线路最初规划的路线，但该线路从未建成。

The Q111 runs local south along Brewer Boulevard and east along 147th Avenue, terminating at Francis Lewis Boulevard in Rosedale, Queens near the border with South Valley Stream in Nassau County. Alternating Q111 buses short turn at Farmers Boulevard in Springfield Gardens during daytime hours. Select weekday runs of the Q111 continue past Rosedale into Nassau County, turning south and west via Peninsula Boulevard and ending at Rockaway Turnpike in Cedarhurst.[8][13][18][19] The Q111 route along 147th Avenue and in Nassau County mirrors the original planned routing of the trolley line, which was never constructed.[8][2][13][18][19]

Many roads along the routes have been renamed. New York Avenue would later become New York Boulevard, and was renamed Guy R. Brewer Boulevard in 1982 after local politician Guy Brewer.[20][21] Rockaway Road and the Jamaica and Rockaway Turnpike are now called Rockaway Boulevard (in Queens) and the Rockaway Turnpike (in Nassau).[1][22][23][24]

History[编辑]

A former Bee-Line Bus System Orion V bus on the Q113 at the Seagirt Boulevard terminus in Far Rockaway. This bus retired in 2013 and is scrapped.

As a streetcar line[编辑]

The streetcar line was originally operated by the Long Island Electric Railway (LIER), which was incorporated in 1894. On October 11 of that year, the company applied for a line between the then-Long Island towns of Jamaica, Hempstead, and Far Rockaway.[1][2][22][17] Construction of the line began in 1895 along with the company's streetcar line along Liberty Avenue.[22][25][26] As originally planned, the line would have been long and circuitous south of 147th Avenue, traveling east into Rosedale and Valley Stream, then back west towards Far Rockaway. The more direct Rockaway Turnpike route was ultimately selected, after the company secured exclusive rights to use the road.[2] While the company's other three lines began operation in 1896, the Far Rockaway line was delayed due to construction over swampy land near the Queens-Nassau border, and disputes with the Long Island Rail Road over the crossing with the LIRR's Montauk Branch.[2] The first portion of the line between Jamaica and Baisley Boulevard began on September 1, 1896, operating on Sundays only.[2][3] Service was extended south to Farmers Boulevard on May 2, 1897.[3] The full line to Far Rockaway began operations on June 6, 1897.[2][22][17]

On October 13, 1899, the LIER was purchased by the New York & North Shore Railway Company (a subsidiary of the New York and Queens County Railway), which operated the Flushing–Jamaica Line along today's 164th Street.[3][17] On March 12, 1900, through service on the combined routes began between Flushing and Far Rockaway.[2] This service ended on August 1, 1901 after the LIER was bought out by the Hogan Brothers, a group of trolley line surveyors who worked on both the Flushing and Far Rockaway lines.[2] A second track was added to the line between Jamaica and Linden Boulevard in 1903.[2] The LIER would become part of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) on January 19, 1906.[1][2] The interest of IRT owner August Belmont, Jr. (builder of Belmont Park served by another LIER line) originated from the popularity of the Far Rockaway line during summer months to the resorts on the Rockaway peninsula, and its service to the Jamaica Race Course in modern-day Rochdale Village, Queens.[2] Much of the rest of the route had yet to be paved or settled, with trolleys stopping at major farmhouses and fields as opposed to intersections. The tracks along Rockaway Boulevard were susceptible to washout due to marshy land and the tidal conditions of Hook Creek.[2]

In October 1914, a second track began operation between Jamaica and Linden Boulevard.[2][27] In 1916, New York City took over the rights to Rockaway Boulevard/Rockaway Turnpike, paving and grading the road. The western half of the road was widened, while the eastern half on which the trolley line resided retained its original width.[2] In 1917, the line would receive automatic block signaling and iron trolley poles to replace the original wooden ones.[2]

Decline and conversion into bus service[编辑]

Alternate Q111 buses, like the one pictured, short turn at Farmers Boulevard in Springfield Gardens.

Following labor and material shortages due to World War I, the line and its rolling stock fell into disrepair, leading to complaints from passengers, increased headways between trips, and high employee turnover.[2][4] On July 6, 1921, a fire broke out at the company's trolley barn at New York Avenue and Linden Boulevard in Cedar Manor (modern-day South Jamaica/Springfield Gardens), destroying much of the company's rolling stock. The railway went bankrupt and was sold in 1926 by the company's debtors, the Bank of Manhattan (now part of JPMorgan Chase), reorganizing as the Jamaica Central Railways in March of that year.[2][17] As part of the reboot, one mile of new track was installed along the Far Rockaway line, including an extension of the second New York Boulevard track south to Farmers Boulevard.[2][27] The line retained its popularity due to housing booms in South Jamaica and other neighborhoods along the route.[2]

Around this time, many streetcar lines in Queens and the rest of the city began to be replaced by buses, particularly after the unification of city's three primary transit companies in June 1940.[2][28] On April 21, 1931, Jamaica Central created a subsidiary known as Jamaica Buses, Inc. to convert its trolley lines to bus franchises.[17] The Rockaway-Nassau portion of the Far Rockaway route began operating as a bus line (without a franchise) in September 1930, with the streetcar line between Jamaica and the county line continuing to operate.[2][29] On November 12, 1933 the full route began operations as a single bus line.[2][15] The Jamaica-Far Rockaway service would become "Route B".[16][30] Due to the length of the route, it originally operated on a two-zone (then-ten cent) fare,[31] as did the streetcar route before it.[2] Additional buses were run between Jamaica and Baisley Boulevard at the Jamaica Racetrack.[32] Beginning on June 15, 1935, during summer months (June to September) the route was extended south from Far Rockaway station to Seagirt Avenue (now Seagirt Boulevard) to serve Ostend Beach, Roche Beach, and other beaches on the southern coast of the Rockaway peninsula.[33][34][35] The northern terminal was moved from Jamaica Avenue to the Parsons Boulevard station of the IND Queens Boulevard Line on Hillside Avenue on April 24, 1937.[14][36] On October 10, 1938, overnight service was initiated on the route, running between Jamaica and either Farmers Boulevard or the Nassau County line at Hook Creek.[37]

On April 20, 1952, the route was extended full-time from the Far Rockaway station to Seagirt Boulevard, in order to serve the Wavecrest Gardens Apartments, and following the disruption of LIRR service between the Rockaway Peninsula and mainland Queens.[14][38] At this time, the route was split into Route B (Jamaica-Hook Creek) and Route D (Far Rockaway), in addition to the special Jamaica Racetrack service (Route H).[38][39] Around 1960, Route D was renamed the Q113, and Route B became the Q111 route between Jamaica and the intersection of New York Boulevard (Brewer Boulevard) and 147th Avenue. In July of that year, an extension of the Q111 was approved, creating its current routing in Rosedale and Nassau County.[40][41] At some point after 1975, the Q113 was rerouted from Rockaway Boulevard to Brookville Boulevard south of 147th Avenue.[9][42] This was due to the crash of Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 on June 24, 1975, which shut down Rockaway Boulevard for some time;[43] the change to the Q113 route was made permanent around this time. On December 11, 1988, the travel path of the Q111 and Q113 in Downtown Jamaica was altered to serve the newly opened Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer subway station.[44]

MTA takeover[编辑]

An articulated New Flyer Xcelsior XD60 articulated bus in Q113 service at Seagirt Boulevard, with the new 2016 livery.

On January 30, 2006, the MTA Bus Company took over operations of the Jamaica Bus routes.[5][45][46][47] At this time, the Q113 ran two services: the Q113 local, which made all stops, and the Q113 Limited (also known as the "Q113 Express"), which skipped all stops between Rockaway Turnpike at the Queens–Nassau border and the Far Rockaway LIRR station. The limited service only ran during weekday rush hours.[48][19][49][50] On March 12, 2007, the limited-stop service was expanded to midday hours and Saturdays, and limited stops were added to the route along Guy R. Brewer Boulevard. The Q113 limited was also shifted in Nassau County from Sheridan Boulevard and Burnside Avenue onto the Nassau Expressway.[49][51][52][53] In addition, the Q113 local was expanded to 24-hours a day at this time.[54] On July 3, 2011, the Q113 Limited was shifted from 147th Avenue and Brookville Boulevard onto the more direct route via Rockaway Boulevard between the end of Brewer Boulevard and the Nassau County line. As part of the change, two limited stops (Springfield Lane/222nd Street on 147th Avenue, and 147th Road on Brookville Boulevard) were eliminated, becoming local-only stops, while a limited stop at 147th Avenue and Brewer Boulevard was added for the Q113 Limited.[6][55] In late 2012, the Q113 local was routed away from the Far Rockaway LIRR station at Nameoke Street, instead traveling directly to the Mott Avenue subway station.[7]

On August 31, 2014, the Q113 local was converted into a limited-stop service called the Q114, running along Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, 147th Avenue, and Brookville Boulevard, and local in Nassau County and the Rockaways. The limited stops eliminated in 2011 were restored for Q114 service, with two additional limited stops added.[5][56] The 2007, 2011, and 2014 changes had originally been proposed in a Urbitran Associates study for the New York City Department of Transportation in 2004, when the bus routes were privately operated.[19] On January 4, 2015, Q114 local service was expanded into evening hours, and Q114 local service now began operating after Q113 Limited service ends.[57] On February 1, 2015, Q114 Limited service started stopping at 147th Avenue and 230th Place (Jamaica-bound) and 147th Avenue and 230th Street (Far Rockaway-bound).[58] In 2016, the corridor began operating low-floor articulated buses in conjunction with its standard-length fleet. This was planned going back to 2012.[59][60][61] In August 2016, the MTA announced plans to eventually convert the Q113 into a Select Bus Service (SBS) route;[62][63] this had been previously proposed by the Pratt Center for Community Development.[64][65]

In April 2017, the MTA announced its intention to modify the Q114's route in Nassau County in order to speed up service. West of Lawrence Avenue, the route would continue westward on Mott Avenue instead of turning south on Lawrence. The Q114 would instead turn southwest onto Nassau Expressway before turning northwest onto Bayview Avenue, eliminating a zigzagged route along Lawrence Avenue, Wanser Avenue, and Doughty Boulevard.[66] The new routing was implemented on July 2, 2017.[67] The reroute eliminated four bus stops in the Inwood neighborhood.[66][67][68] On January 6, 2019, the southern terminal for Jamaica-bound buses was shifted to Seagirt Boulevard and Crest Road from Beach 20th Street and Seagirt Boulevard.[69] On June 30, 2019, Q114 service was shifted from 147th Avenue and Brookville Boulevard onto a more direct route via Rockaway Boulevard between the end of Brewer Boulevard and the Nassau County line due to regular tidal flooding on Brookville Boulevard.[70] As part of the change, four limited stops (222nd Street on 147th Avenue, 230th Street/230th Place on 147th Avenue, 147th Road and Brookville Boulevard, and 148th Road and Brookville Boulevard) were discontinued. Service at the stops along 147th Avenue would continue to be served by the Q111, while service was entirely discontinued at the stops along Brookville Boulevard.[71]

In December 2019, the MTA released a draft redesign of the Queens bus network.[72][73] As part of the redesign, the Guy R. Brewer Boulevard routes would have been replaced with a "high-density" limited-stop route, the QT13, and an "intra-borough" route, the QT19. Two "subway connector" routes would have also run on the corridor with a non-stop section on Guy R. Brewer Boulevard: the QT43, taking over part of the old Q85 to Rosedale, and the QT45, taking over part of the old Q114 to 147th Avenue.[74] The redesign was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City in 2020,[75] and the original draft plan was dropped due to negative feedback.[76] A revised plan was released in March 2022.[77] As part of the new plan, the Q111 and Q114 will instead become "rush" routes with nonstop sections on Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, stopping only at major intersections and transfer points, with a new Q115 route making local stops on the corridor. However, the Peninsula Boulevard Q111 trips and the Q113 would be discontinued.[78] A final Queens bus-redesign plan was released in December 2023.[79][80] The Q111 and Q114 would still become "rush" routes with limited-stop sections, and the new Q115 route would make local stops on the corridor, but the Q111's Peninsula Boulevard trips would be retained.[81]（pp. 392-393, 400-401, 404-405）

Incidents[编辑]

On October 14, 1995, an out-of-control car collided head-on with a Q113 bus along the narrow Brookville Boulevard. The accident killed two of the people in the car as well as injured 25 people on the bus, three of them critically.[82]

See also[编辑]

Notes[编辑]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Q114 operates local during early mornings and nights

References[编辑]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 New York (State). Legislature. Senate. New York Legislative Documents: One Hundred and Forty-Third Session. 1920: 159–161. 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 引证错误：没有为名为Seyfried-LIER-JamaicaCtrl的参考文献提供内容
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Seyfried, Vincent F. Full text of "New York and Queens County Railway and the Steinway Lines, 1867-1939.". archive.org. Vincent F. Seyfried. 1950 [December 20, 2015]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Long Island Editor. Far Rockaway-Jamaica Car Line Service Causes Howl. Brooklyn Daily Eagle: 46. July 18, 1920 [December 20, 2015] –通过Newspapers.com.  参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Transit & Bus Committee Meeting July 2014 (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 28, 2014 [October 29, 2015]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于March 4, 2016）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 MTA Bus Operations Committee Meeting April 2011 (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2011 [March 9, 2016]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于August 12, 2012）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 MTA Bus Operations Committee Meeting July 2012 (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 2012 [March 9, 2016]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 MTA Regional Bus Operations. Q111 bus schedule. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 MTA Regional Bus Operations. Q113/Q114 bus schedule. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Subway and bus ridership for 2023. mta.info. April 29, 2024 [May 2, 2024]. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 MTA Bus Time: Q113 Guy Brewer Blvd - Nassau Expwy Ltd. mta.info. MTA Bus Time. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 MTA Bus Time: Q114 Guy Brewer Blvd Ltd - Rockaway Tpk. mta.info. MTA Bus Time. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Queens Bus Map (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 2017 [April 24, 2018]. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 New Apartments Benefit by Bus To Subway Line. Brooklyn Daily Eagle: 35. April 20, 1952 [October 12, 2015] –通过Newspapers.com.  参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Jamaica Buses To Inaugurate New Service: Ceremony Will Be Held Tomorrow in Opening Routes to Southeast. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 10, 1933 [October 13, 2015] –通过Newspapers.com.  参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Pick Tentative Bus Operators; Queens Objects: Board Selects North Shore and Jamaica Firms-Hearing July 10. Brooklyn Daily Eagle: 2. June 19, 1931 [October 12, 2015] –通过Newspapers.com.  参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Company Profile. Jamaica Buses, Inc. [October 13, 2015]. （原始内容存档于January 25, 2006）. 
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 MTA Bus Time: Q111 Guy Brewer Blvd - 147th Ave. mta.info. MTA Bus Time. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Urbitran Associates, Inc. NYCDOT Bus Ridership Survey and Route Analysis Final Report: Chapter 4 Operating and Financial Performance (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Transportation. May 2004 [December 20, 2015]. 
  20. ^ Fraser, Lisa A. Guy R. Brewer Blvd.: in honor of a fighter. Queens Chronicle. November 11, 2010 [October 27, 2013]. 
  21. ^ NYC STREETS FEATURING FULL NAMES. Forgotten New York. November 17, 2013 [December 20, 2015]. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 New York (State). Legislature. Senate. Documents of the Senate of the State of New York: One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth Session 1913. 1913: 593–603. 
  23. ^ Tuttle, Arthur S. Street System-Territory Bounded by Van Wyck Boulevard, Foc Boulevard, 140th Street, 116th Avenue, Sutphin Boulevard (Rockaway Turnpike), and 120th Avenue. Borough of Queens-Approval of Map Showing Subdivision of Private Property (Cal. No. 118).. The City Record. October 27, 1922, 50 (9–10): 6998 [1 January 2016]. 
  24. ^ Digital Collections, The New York Public Library. (still image) Plate 41: Bounded by Bergen Landing Road, Rockaway Plank Road, Rockaway Turnpike, Meyer Avenue, New York Avenue, Farmers Avenue, Rockaway Plank Road, (Idlewild Park)Three Mile Road and (Richmond Hill Circle) Old South Road., (1909). The New York Public Library, Astor, Lennox, and Tilden Foundation. [January 1, 2016]. 
  25. ^ LONG ISLAND ELECTRIC ROAD: Will Run Its First Cars From the Brooklyn City Line to Jamaica To-morrow.. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Jamaica, Long Island. July 23, 1896 [December 20, 2015] –通过Newspapers.com.  参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
  26. ^ Long Island Electric: Work Begun on its Trolley Road to Jamaica. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Jamaica, Long Island. April 8, 1896 [December 20, 2015] –通过Newspapers.com.  参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 引证错误：没有为名为Seyfried-LIER-JamaicaCtrlMap的参考文献提供内容
  28. ^ Sparberg, Andrew J. From a Nickel to a Token: The Journey from Board of Transportation to MTA. Fordham University Press. October 1, 2014. ISBN 978-0-8232-6190-1. 
  29. ^ 引证错误：没有为名为BklynEagle-Q113Inwood-1931的参考文献提供内容
  30. ^ All Transportation Lines Lead to Jamaica (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. March 31, 1943: 9 [January 14, 2016]. 
  31. ^ Jamaica Bus Lines Get Queens Grant: 25-year Franchise is Boted by Board for Four Routes-City to Receive 5% (PDF). The New York Times. July 22, 1933 [December 20, 2015]. 
  32. ^ 2,500 Wait in Rain for Track Bus (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. October 8, 1945: 1–2 [January 10, 2016]. 
  33. ^ Jamaica Bus Service Direct to Ostend Beach: On the Ocean Front at Far Rockaway (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. June 15, 1935: 5 [January 14, 2016]. 
  34. ^ Jamaica Buses Asks Franchise Renewal (PDF). Wave of Long Island. Fultonhistory.com. May 6, 1943: 1 [January 14, 2016]. 
  35. ^ Far Rockaway Bus Service is Curtailed: Jamaica Line Restrained From Proceeding Past Mott Avenue (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 10, 1937 [February 4, 2016]. 
  36. ^ Jamaica Buses, Inc. New Subway and Jamaica Buses: Service Effective 1 P.M. Saturday, April 24 (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. April 24, 1937 [January 14, 2016]. 
  37. ^ Buses to Run All Night to Hook Creek: Civic Association Informed of Extra Service to South Side (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. October 10, 1938 [January 14, 2016]. 
  38. ^ 38.0 38.1 Legal Notice (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. July 11, 1952: 11 [January 14, 2016]. 
  39. ^ Legal Notices (PDF). Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Fultonhistory.com. June 23, 1958: 17 [January 14, 2016]. 
  40. ^ 2 Bus Routes Extended: Both Run Between Jamaica and Far Rockaway (PDF). The New York Times. July 30, 1960 [December 20, 2015]. 
  41. ^ Legal Notices (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. February 21, 1959: 5 [January 14, 2016]. 
  42. ^ 1975 Queens Bus Map. wardmaps.com. New York City Transit Authority. 1975 [February 18, 2016]. 
  43. ^ Pugh, Thomas; Browne, Arthur; Singleton, Donald. Jet crashes at Kennedy Airport during a thunderstorm in 1975. New York Daily News. June 25, 1975 [August 1, 2016]. 
  44. ^ Queens Subway Options Study, New York: Environmental Impact Statement. United States Department of Transportation, Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Urban Mass Transit Administration. May 1984: 83– [July 10, 2016]. 
  45. ^ Silverman, Norman. The Merger of 7 Private Bus Companies into MTA Bus (PDF). apta.com. American Public Transportation Association, Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 26, 2010 [October 16, 2015]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于October 16, 2015）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
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