世界末日論

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世界末日論（英語：Apocalypticism），或譯默示主義，是一種宗教信仰，認為世界末日迫在眉睫，將在人的生命中降臨。[1]這種信念通常伴隨著這樣一種想法，即由於某種災難性的全球事件，文明很快就會走向混亂。[1]世界末日論是某些宗教中末世論的一個方面——神學中與歷史的最後事件或人類最終命運有關的部分。[2]

世界末日論觀點和運動的宗教版本通常側重於關於上帝在歷史中突然、戲劇性和災難性干預的神秘啟示、人性的判斷、忠實選民的救恩、以及選民最終在更新的天地中與上帝一起統治。[3]世界末日論最初起源於瑣羅亞斯德教，在猶太教、基督教和伊斯蘭教的末世論推測中得到了更充分的發展。[1][4][5][6][7]

世界末日論通常與這樣一種信念相結合，即深奧的知識很可能會在善惡力量之間的重大對抗中被揭示，註定要改變歷史進程。[8]默示可以被視為善、惡、模稜兩可或中立，具體取決於促進它們的特定宗教或信仰體系。[9][10][11]世界末日論不僅僅是一種宗教觀念，而且存在基於現代科學、技術、政治話語和陰謀論中。[5][9][12][13]

參考資料[編輯]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Greisiger, Lutz. Apocalypticism, Millenarianism, and Messianism. Blidstein, Moshe; Silverstein, Adam J.; Stroumsa, Guy G. (編). The Oxford Handbook of the Abrahamic Religions. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 2015: 272–294. ISBN 978-0-19-969776-2. LCCN 2014960132. S2CID 170614787. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697762.013.14. 
  2. ^ Hubbes, László. Apocalyptic as a New Mental Paradigm of the Middle Ages. Ryan, Michael A. (編). A Companion to the Premodern Apocalypse. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition 64. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. 2016: 144–176. ISBN 978-90-04-30766-7. ISSN 1871-6377. LCCN 2015036208. S2CID 85463647. doi:10.1163/9789004307667_006. 
  3. ^ "Apocalypticism （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）." In James Crossley and Alastair Lockhart (eds.) Critical Dictionary of Apocalyptic and Millenarian Movements. 2021
  4. ^ Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan. How Antichrist Defeated Death: The Development of Christian Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Early Church. Krans, Jan; Lietaert Peerbolte, L. J.; Smit, Peter-Ben; Zwiep, Arie W. (編). Paul, John, and Apocalyptic Eschatology: Studies in Honour of Martinus C. de Boer. Novum Testamentum: Supplements 149. Leiden: Brill Publishers. 2013: 238–255. ISBN 978-90-04-25026-0. ISSN 0167-9732. S2CID 191738355. doi:10.1163/9789004250369_016. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Crossley, James. The Apocalypse and Political Discourse in an Age of COVID. Journal for the Study of the New Testament (SAGE Publications). September 2021, 44 (1): 93–111. ISSN 1745-5294. S2CID 237329082. doi:10.1177/0142064X211025464 可免費查閱. 
  6. ^ Apocalypticism – theology. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2019-05-31]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-31）. 
  7. ^ Strauss, Mark. Ten Notable Apocalypses That (Obviously) Didn't Happen. Smithsonian. 2009-11-12 [2019-05-31]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-31）. 
  8. ^ Paul O. Ingram, Frederick John Streng. Buddhist-Christian Dialogue: Mutual Renewal and Transformation. University of Hawaii Press, 1986. pp. 148–149.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Douglas, Christopher. Wilsey, John D. , 編. Revenge Is a Genre Best Served Old: Apocalypse in Christian Right Literature and Politics. Religions (Basel: MDPI). December 2021, 13 (1: The Historical Interaction between Nationalism and Christian Theology): 21. S2CID 245562021. doi:10.3390/rel13010021 可免費查閱. eISSN 2077-1444. 
  10. ^ Primary Sources – Apocalypse! FRONTLINE. PBS. 2015-11-18 [2019-05-31]. （原始內容存檔於2000-03-04）. 
  11. ^ How religious and non-religious people view the apocalypse. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 2017-08-18 [2019-05-31]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-08）. 
  12. ^ Perry, Samuel L.; Whitehead, Andrew L.; Grubbs, Joshua B. Baker, Joseph O. , 編. Save the Economy, Liberty, and Yourself: Christian Nationalism and Americans' Views on Government COVID-19 Restrictions. Sociology of Religion (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association for the Sociology of Religion). Winter 2021, 82 (4): 426–446. ISSN 1759-8818. S2CID 231699494. doi:10.1093/socrel/sraa047 可免費查閱. 
  13. ^ Upchurch, H. E. Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina , 編. The Iron March Forum and the Evolution of the "Skull Mask" Neo-Fascist Network (PDF). CTC Sentinel (West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center). 22 December 2021, 14 (10): 27–37 [19 January 2022]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於27 December 2021）. The skull mask network’s ideology is a political-religious hybrid based in large part on the work of the philosopher Julius Evola. Evola mixed fascism with 「Traditionalism,」 a syncretic 20th century religious movement that combines Hermetic occultism with the Hindu doctrine of cyclical time and a belief in a now-lost primordial European paganism. Adherents of this blend of doctrines, which can be termed 「Traditionalist fascism」 believe that a caste-based, racially pure 「organic」 society will be restored after what they believe to be an ongoing age of corruption, the Kali Yuga, is swept away in an apocalyptic war, and that it is their role to hasten the end of the Kali Yuga by generating chaos and violence. 
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