羥銨鹽

羥銨鹽
英文名	hydroxylammonium
識別
CAS號	20712-83-8
PubChem	933
性質
化學式	NH3OH+
莫耳質量	34.038 g·mol⁻¹
溶解性（水）	可溶
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

羥銨鹽是一類含質子化羥胺的鹽，化合物中存在NH₃OH⁺陽離子。除此之外，[(NH₃OH)₂H]⁺和[(NH₃OH)₃H]⁺也是已知的。^[1]

製備與性質[編輯]

羥銨鹽可由羥胺和酸的中和反應製得^[2]，或通過複分解反應^[3]及配體取代反應^[4]得到：

NH₂OH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONH₃OH

2 NH₃OHF + H₂SiF₆ → (NH₃OH)₂SiF₆ + 2 HF

NH₃OHCl + VOF₃ + HF → (NH₃OH)VOF₄ + HCl↑

由於NH₃OH⁺具有還原性，它和氧化性陰離子形成的鹽是不穩定的，如氯酸羥胺自發分解為硝酸羥胺（英語：hydroxylammonium nitrate）和二氧化氯。^[5]

其離子在溶液中可以和氧化性離子發生反應：

NH₃OH⁺ + 2 HSO₅⁻ → 2 SO₄²⁻ + N₂ + 3 H₂O + 3 H⁺^[6]

2 NH₃OH⁺ + 2 Fe^III → 2 Fe^II + N₂ + 2 H₂O + 4 H⁺^[7]

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Wyndham R. Dunstan, Ernest Goulding. LII.—The hydriodides of hydroxylamine. J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1896, 69 (0): 839–842 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0368-1645. doi:10.1039/CT8966900839 （英語）.
^ J. L. Shamshina, P. S. Barber, G. Gurau, C. S. Griggs, R. D. Rogers. Pulping of Crustacean Waste Using Ionic Liquids: To Extract or Not To Extract. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2016-11-07, 4 (11): 6072–6081 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 2168-0485. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01434. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-31）（英語）.
^ Kristl, Matjaz; Drofenik, Miha; Golic, Ljubo. Synthesis and structure of hydroxylammonium fluorosilicates（英文）. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 2002. 49 (2): 243-250. ISSN 1318-0207
^ Matic Lozinšek. Hydroxylammonium Tetrafluoridooxidovanadate(V) – (NH3OH)[VOF4]. Acta Chimica Slovenica. 2015-06-15, 62 (2): 378–384 [2021-08-31]. doi:10.17344/acsi.2015.1424. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-31）.
^ Titova, K. V.; Kolmakova, E. I.; Rosolovskii, V. Ya. Study of the reaction of hydroxylamine with perchloryl fluoride（俄文）. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1978. 23 (4): 1146-1149. ISSN 0044-457X
^ Madhu Sharma, D. S. N. Prasad, K. S. Gupta. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of hydroxylamine by peroxomonosulphate. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics. 1992-07, 24 (7): 665–670 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0538-8066. doi:10.1002/kin.550240706 （英語）.
^ Kamlesh Arora, Pankaj Bhatnagar, Anand P. Bhargava, Yugul K. Gupta. Stoichiometry, kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of hydroxyammonium ion with iron(III) in acetate buffers. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1991, (4): 1081 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0300-9246. doi:10.1039/dt9910001081 （英語）.

[1] Wyndham R. Dunstan, Ernest Goulding. LII.—The hydriodides of hydroxylamine. J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1896, 69 (0): 839–842 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0368-1645. doi:10.1039/CT8966900839 （英語）.

[2] J. L. Shamshina, P. S. Barber, G. Gurau, C. S. Griggs, R. D. Rogers. Pulping of Crustacean Waste Using Ionic Liquids: To Extract or Not To Extract. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2016-11-07, 4 (11): 6072–6081 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 2168-0485. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01434. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-31）（英語）.

[3] Kristl, Matjaz; Drofenik, Miha; Golic, Ljubo. Synthesis and structure of hydroxylammonium fluorosilicates（英文）. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 2002. 49 (2): 243-250. ISSN 1318-0207

[4] Matic Lozinšek. Hydroxylammonium Tetrafluoridooxidovanadate(V) – (NH3OH)[VOF4]. Acta Chimica Slovenica. 2015-06-15, 62 (2): 378–384 [2021-08-31]. doi:10.17344/acsi.2015.1424. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-31）.

[5] Titova, K. V.; Kolmakova, E. I.; Rosolovskii, V. Ya. Study of the reaction of hydroxylamine with perchloryl fluoride（俄文）. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1978. 23 (4): 1146-1149. ISSN 0044-457X

[6] Madhu Sharma, D. S. N. Prasad, K. S. Gupta. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of hydroxylamine by peroxomonosulphate. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics. 1992-07, 24 (7): 665–670 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0538-8066. doi:10.1002/kin.550240706 （英語）.

[7] Kamlesh Arora, Pankaj Bhatnagar, Anand P. Bhargava, Yugul K. Gupta. Stoichiometry, kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of hydroxyammonium ion with iron(III) in acetate buffers. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions. 1991, (4): 1081 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0300-9246. doi:10.1039/dt9910001081 （英語）.

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