汞的同位素
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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汞(原子質量單位:200.59(2))的同位素,其中有7個是穩定的。核磁共振較常用到199
Hg
和201
Hg
。
圖表[編輯]
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[2][n 2] |
衰變 產物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | |||||||||
170Hg[3] | 80 | 90 | 80(+400-40) μs | α | 166Pt | 0+ | |||
171Hg | 80 | 91 | 171.00376(32)# | 80(30) μs [59(+36−16) μs] |
α | 167Pt | 3/2−# | ||
172Hg | 80 | 92 | 171.99883(22) | 420(240) μs [0.25(+35−9) ms] |
α | 168Pt | 0+ | ||
173Hg | 80 | 93 | 172.99724(22)# | 1.1(4) ms [0.6(+5−2) ms] |
α | 169Pt | 3/2−# | ||
174Hg | 80 | 94 | 173.992864(21) | 2.0(4) ms [2.1(+18−7) ms] |
α | 170Pt | 0+ | ||
175Hg | 80 | 95 | 174.99142(11) | 10.8(4) ms | α | 171Pt | 5/2−# | ||
176Hg | 80 | 96 | 175.987355(15) | 20.4(15) ms | α (98.6%) | 172Pt | 0+ | ||
β+ (1.4%) | 176Au | ||||||||
177Hg | 80 | 97 | 176.98628(8) | 127.3(18) ms | α (85%) | 173Pt | 5/2−# | ||
β+ (15%) | 177Au | ||||||||
178Hg | 80 | 98 | 177.982483(14) | 0.269(3) s | α (70%) | 174Pt | 0+ | ||
β+ (30%) | 178Au | ||||||||
179Hg | 80 | 99 | 178.981834(29) | 1.09(4) s | α (53%) | 175Pt | 5/2−# | ||
β+ (47%) | 179Au | ||||||||
β+, p (.15%) | 178Pt | ||||||||
180Hg[n 4] | 80 | 100 | 179.978266(15) | 2.58(1) s | β+ (52%) | 180Au | 0+ | ||
α (48%) | 176Pt | ||||||||
SF | 100Ru, 80Kr | ||||||||
181Hg | 80 | 101 | 180.977819(17) | 3.6(1) s | β+ (64%) | 181Au | 1/2(−) | ||
α (36%) | 177Pt | ||||||||
β+, p (.014%) | 180Pt | ||||||||
β+, α (9×10−6%) | 177Ir | ||||||||
181mHg | 210(40)# keV | 13/2+ | |||||||
182Hg | 80 | 102 | 181.97469(1) | 10.83(6) s | β+ (84.8%) | 182Au | 0+ | ||
α (15.2%) | 178Pt | ||||||||
β+, p (10−5%) | 181Pt | ||||||||
183Hg | 80 | 103 | 182.974450(9) | 9.4(7) s | β+ (74.5%) | 183Au | 1/2− | ||
α (25.5%) | 179Pt | ||||||||
β+, p (5.6×10−4%) | 182Pt | ||||||||
183m1Hg | 198(14) keV | 13/2+# | |||||||
183m2Hg | 240(40)# keV | 5# s | β+ | 183Au | 13/2+# | ||||
184Hg | 80 | 104 | 183.971713(11) | 30.6(3) s | β+ (98.89%) | 184Au | 0+ | ||
α (1.11%) | 180Pt | ||||||||
185Hg | 80 | 105 | 184.971899(17) | 49.1(10) s | β+ (94%) | 185Au | 1/2− | ||
α (6%) | 181Pt | ||||||||
185mHg | 99.3(5) keV | 21.6(15) s | IT (54%) | 185Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
β+ (46%) | 185Au | ||||||||
α (.03%) | 181Pt | ||||||||
186Hg | 80 | 106 | 185.969362(12) | 1.38(6) min | β+ (99.92%) | 186Au | 0+ | ||
α (.016%) | 182Pt | ||||||||
186mHg | 2217.3(4) keV | 82(5) µs | (8−) | ||||||
187Hg | 80 | 107 | 186.969814(15) | 1.9(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 3/2− | ||
α (1.2×10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||
187mHg | 59(16) keV | 2.4(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 13/2+ | ||||
α (2.5×10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||
188Hg | 80 | 108 | 187.967577(12) | 3.25(15) min | β+ | 188Au | 0+ | ||
α (3.7×10−5%) | 184Pt | ||||||||
188mHg | 2724.3(4) keV | 134(15) ns | (12+) | ||||||
189Hg | 80 | 109 | 188.96819(4) | 7.6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 3/2− | ||
α (3×10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||
189mHg | 80(30) keV | 8.6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 13/2+ | ||||
α (3×10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||
190Hg | 80 | 110 | 189.966322(17) | 20.0(5) min | β+ | 190Au | 0+ | ||
α (5×10−5%) | 186Pt | ||||||||
191Hg | 80 | 111 | 190.967157(24) | 49(10) min | β+ | 191Au | 3/2(−) | ||
191mHg | 128(22) keV | 50.8(15) min | β+ | 191Au | 13/2+ | ||||
192Hg | 80 | 112 | 191.965634(17) | 4.85(20) h | ε | 192Au | 0+ | ||
α (4×10−6%) | 188Pt | ||||||||
193Hg | 80 | 113 | 192.966665(17) | 3.80(15) h | β+ | 193Au | 3/2− | ||
193mHg | 140.76(5) keV | 11.8(2) h | β+ (92.9%) | 193Au | 13/2+ | ||||
IT (7.1%) | 193Hg | ||||||||
194Hg | 80 | 114 | 193.965439(13) | 444(77) y | ε | 194Au | 0+ | ||
195Hg | 80 | 115 | 194.966720(25) | 10.53(3) h | β+ | 195Au | 1/2− | ||
195mHg | 176.07(4) keV | 41.6(8) h | IT (54.2%) | 195Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
β+ (45.8%) | 195Au | ||||||||
196Hg | 80 | 116 | 195.965833(3) | 觀測上穩定[n 5] | 0+ | 0.0015(1) | |||
197Hg | 80 | 117 | 196.967213(3) | 64.14(5) h | ε | 197Au | 1/2− | ||
197mHg | 298.93(8) keV | 23.8(1) h | IT (91.4%) | 197Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
ε (8.6%) | 197Au | ||||||||
198Hg | 80 | 118 | 197.9667690(4) | 觀測上穩定[n 6] | 0+ | 0.0997(20) | |||
199Hg | 80 | 119 | 198.9682799(4) | 觀測上穩定[n 7] | 1/2− | 0.1687(22) | |||
199mHg | 532.48(10) keV | 42.66(8) min | IT | 199Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
200Hg | 80 | 120 | 199.9683260(4) | 觀測上穩定[n 8] | 0+ | 0.2310(19) | |||
201Hg | 80 | 121 | 200.9703023(6) | 觀測上穩定[n 9] | 3/2− | 0.1318(9) | |||
201mHg | 766.22(15) keV | 94(3) µs | 13/2+ | ||||||
202Hg | 80 | 122 | 201.9706430(6) | 觀測上穩定[n 10] | 0+ | 0.2986(26) | |||
203Hg | 80 | 123 | 202.9728725(18) | 46.595(6) d | β− | 203Tl | 5/2− | ||
203mHg | 933.14(23) keV | 24(4) µs | (13/2+) | ||||||
204Hg | 80 | 124 | 203.9734939(4) | 觀測上穩定[n 11] | 0+ | 0.0687(15) | |||
205Hg | 80 | 125 | 204.976073(4) | 5.14(9) min | β− | 205Tl | 1/2− | ||
205mHg | 1556.40(17) keV | 1.09(4) ms | IT | 205Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
206Hg | 80 | 126 | 205.977514(22) | 8.15(10) min | β− | 206Tl | 0+ | ||
207Hg | 80 | 127 | 206.98259(16) | 2.9(2) min | β− | 207Tl | (9/2+) | ||
208Hg | 80 | 128 | 207.98594(32)# | 42(5) min [41(+5−4) min] |
β− | 208Tl | 0+ | ||
209Hg | 80 | 129 | 208.99104(21)# | 37(8) s | 9/2+# | ||||
210Hg | 80 | 130 | 209.99451(32)# | 10# min [>300 ns] |
0+ |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
金的同位素 | 汞的同位素 | 鉈的同位素 |
註釋[編輯]
- ^ 半衰期超過宇宙年齡的同位素以粗體顯示
- ^ 縮寫:
EC:電子捕獲
IT:核異構轉變 - ^ 穩定同位素以粗體顯示
- ^ 從180Tl衰變產生的180Hg會自發裂變成100Ru和80Kr
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成192Pt或雙β衰變成196Pt,半衰期超過2.5×1018年
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成 194Pt
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成195Pt
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成196Pt
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成197Pt
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成198Pt
- ^ 理論上會雙β衰變成204Pb
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-08]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-19).
- ^ Hilton, J.; et al. α-spectroscopy studies of the new nuclides 165Pt and 170Hg. Physical Review C. 2019, 100 (1): 014305. S2CID 199118719. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.100.014305.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素與同位素的穩定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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