卷柏屬

卷柏屬; 化石時期：三疊紀至現代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
綱：	石松綱 Lycopodiopsida
目：	卷柏目 Selaginellales
科：	卷柏科 Selaginellaceae; Reichb.
屬：	卷柏屬 Selaginella; P.Beauv., 1804
種
	見正文
異名
	Bryodesma Soják; Didiclis P.Beauv. ex Mirb.; Diplostachyum P.Beauv.; Gymnogynum P.Beauv.; Heterophyllium Hieron. ex Borner; Hypopterygiopsis Sakurai; Lycopodiodes C.E.O.Kuntze, 1891; Lycopodioides Boehm.; Lycopodion Adans.; Mirmau Adans.; Polycocca Hill; Selaginoides Ség., 1754; Selago P.Browne; Stachygynandrum P.Beauv.; Stachygynandrum P.Beauv. ex Mirb.; Trispermium Hill;

卷柏屬（學名：Selaginella）是石松門卷柏科的唯一一屬植物，為小型葉草本植物，屬下約有750種^[2]。如其他石松門植物，卷柏屬以孢子作有性繁殖。異葉卷柏是此屬重要的模式生物。卷柏屬廣泛分佈於世界各地，以熱帶和亞熱帶為多樣性中心。卷柏屬植株的形態變異很大，有墊狀、匍匐、直立、攀援、蓮座狀等多種生活型。

屬名Selaginella：源於拉丁語silaao（卷柏，為小杉蘭Huperzia selago）和ellus（小）的合成詞。指本屬形似小杉蘭，但通常為匍匐生長的低矮植物，葉也較小。

分類[編輯]

分子系統學研究將卷柏屬劃分為7個亞屬^[2]:

歐石楠狀亞屬 (S. subg. Ericetorum)
星狀中柱亞屬 (S. subg. Exaltatae)
有節亞屬 (S. subg. Gymnogynum)
鱗葉亞屬 (S. subg. Lepidophyllae)
石松狀亞屬 (S. subg. Rupestrae)
卷柏亞屬 (S. subg. Selaginella)
顯穗亞屬(S. subg. Stachygynandrum)

下屬物種[編輯]

本屬包括以下物種：

白毛卷柏 Selaginella albociliata P. S. Wang
白邊卷柏 Selaginella albocincta Ching
高寒卷柏 Selaginella algida Jie Yang bis & X. C. Zhang
鈍葉卷柏 Selaginella amblyphylla Alston
二棱卷柏 Selaginella anceps (C. Presl) C. Presl
草地卷柏 Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring
Selaginella arizonica
Selaginella asprella
澳卷柏 Selaginella australiensis Baker
東南卷柏 Selaginella austro-orientalis H. J. Wei & X. M. Zhou
Selaginella bifida
二形卷柏 Selaginella biformis A. Braun ex Kuhn
Selaginella bigelovii
雙溝卷柏 Selaginella bisulcata Spring
大葉卷柏 Selaginella bodinieri Hieron.
小笠原卷柏 Selaginella boninensis Baker
呼瑪卷柏 Selaginella borealis (Kaulf.) Spring
短穗卷柏 Selaginella brachystachya (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
布朗卷柏 Selaginella braunii Baker
Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Baker, 1884，基異名： Lycopodium bryopteris L.
Selaginella canaliculata (L.) Spring， 1838，基異名： Lycopodium canaliculatum L.
Selaginella carinata
毛邊卷柏 Selaginella chaetoloma Alston
秦氏卷柏 Selaginella chingii
塊莖卷柏 Selaginella chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
維明卷柏 Selaginella chuweimingii Xin M. Zhou, Z. R. He, Liang Zhang & Li Bing Zhang^[3]
緣毛卷柏 Selaginella ciliaris Spring，睫毛卷柏
Selaginella cinerascens
長芒卷柏 Selaginella commutata Alderw.
剛果卷柏 Selaginella congoensis Alston
柏葉卷柏 Selaginella cupressina (Willd.) Spring
道真卷柏 Selaginella daozhenensis Li Bing Zhang, Q. W. Sun & Jun H. Zhao
蔓出卷柏 Selaginella davidii Franch.，蔓生卷柏 209. Selaginella hieronymiana Alderw.
擬大葉卷柏 Selaginella decipiens Warb.
夏威夷杉葉卷柏 Selaginella deflexa Brack.
全緣卷柏 Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston
Selaginella densa
Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring
棣氏卷柏 Selaginella devolii H. M. Chang, P. F. Lu & W. L. Chiou
滇中卷柏 Selaginella dianzhongensis X.C.Zhang^[4]
雙穗卷柏 Selaginella distachya Cordem.
生根卷柏 Selaginella doederleinii
Hieron.
- 生根卷柏 Selaginella doederleinii sp. doederleinii
耳葉卷柏 Selaginella douglasii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
鐮葉卷柏 Selaginella drepanophylla Alston
Selaginella eclipes
疏鬆卷柏 Selaginella effusa
Alston
- 獨龍江卷柏『』Selaginella effusa『』 var. 『』dulongjiangensis『』 W. M. Chu
Selaginella elmeri
Selaginella eremophila
紅柄卷柏 Selaginella erythropus (Mart.) Spring
高卷柏 Selaginella exaltata (Kunze) Spring
鳳尾卷柏 Selaginella fissidentoides (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
粗莖卷柏 Selaginella frondosa Warb.，多葉卷柏
Selaginella galotteii
花崗岩卷柏 Selaginella graniticola Jie Yang bis & X. C. Zhang
桂海卷柏 Selaginella guihaia X. C. Zhang^[5]
瓊海卷柏 Selaginella hainanensis X. C. Zhang & Noot.
Selaginella hansenii
攀緣卷柏 Selaginella helferi Warb.
小卷柏 Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring
橫斷山卷柏 Selaginella hengduanshanicola W. M. Chu
異穗卷柏 Selaginella heterostachys Baker
印度卷柏 Selaginella indica (Milde) R. M. Tryon
間型卷柏 Selaginella intermedia (Blume) Spring
密葉卷柏 Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring
彩虹卷柏 Selaginella iridescens X. C. Zhang & Y. R. Wang，發現於海南島昌江^[6]
九龍捲柏 Selaginella jiulongensis (H. S. Kung, Li Bing Zhang & X. S. Guo) M. H. Zhang & X. C. Zhang
睫毛卷柏 Selaginella jugorum Hand.-Mazz.
甘肅卷柏 Selaginella kansuensis Ching & Y. P. Hsu
貴州卷柏 Selaginella kouytcheensis H. Lév.
小翠雲 Selaginella kraussiana A. Braun
緬甸卷柏 Selaginella kurzii Baker
玉山卷柏 Selaginella labordei Hieron. ex Christ
松穗卷柏 Selaginella laxistrobila K. H. Shing
鱗葉卷柏 Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
膜葉卷柏 Selaginella leptophylla Baker
耳基卷柏 Selaginella limbata Alston，具邊卷柏
琉球卷柏 Selaginella lutchuensis Koidz.
狹葉卷柏 Selaginella mairei H. Lév.
Selaginella martensii Spring, 1849
馬祖卷柏 Selaginella matsuensis C. M. Kuo, nom. ined.
長葉卷柏 Selaginella megaphylla Baker，寬葉卷柏
迷你卷柏 Selaginella minima Spring
小葉卷柏 Selaginella minutifolia Spring
異葉卷柏 Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron.
單子卷柏 Selaginella monospora
Spring
- 短纖毛卷柏 Selaginella monospora var. ciliolata W. M. Chu
鼠尾卷柏 Selaginella myosurus Alston
日本卷柏 Selaginella nipponica Franch. & Sav.
墨西哥卷柏 Selaginella novoleonensis Hieron.
錢葉卷柏 Selaginella nummularifolia Ching
倒卵葉卷柏 Selaginella obovata S. Y. Dong
Selaginella oregana D.C.Eaton, 1880
東方卷柏 Selaginella orientali-chinensis Ching & C. F. Zhang ex Hao W. Wang & W. B. Liao^[7]
微齒鈍葉卷柏 Selaginella ornata Spring，微齒卷柏
蒼白卷柏 Selaginella pallescens (C. Presl) Spring
平卷柏 Selaginella pallidissima Spring
擬雙溝卷柏 Selaginella pennata Spring
毛卷柏 Selaginella pilifera A. Braun
黑頂卷柏 Selaginella picta A. Braun ex Baker
地卷柏 Selaginella prostrata H. S. Kung
二歧卷柏 Selaginella pubescens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring
青城山卷柏 Selaginella qingchengshanensis Li Bing Zhang & X. M. Zhou
Selaginella plana (Desv. ex Poir.) Hieron., 1901
羽卷柏 Selaginella plumosa (L.) C. Presl
Selaginella poulteri
地卷柏 Selaginella prostrata
擬日本卷柏 Selaginella pseudonipponica Tagawa
毛枝攀緣卷柏 Selaginella pseudopaleifera Hand.-Mazz.
越南卷柏 Selaginella pseudotamariscina X.C. Zhang & C.W. Chen^[8]
Selaginella pulcherrima
墊狀卷柏 Selaginella pulvinata
(Hook. & Grev.) Maxim.
- 墊狀卷柏(原亞種) Selaginella pulvinata subsp. pulvinata
- 秦巴卷柏 Selaginella pulvinata subsp. qinbashanica Jie Yang bis & X. C. Zhang
反折卷柏 Selaginella reflexa Underw.
疏葉卷柏 Selaginella remotifolia Spring
高雄卷柏 Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring
海南卷柏 Selaginella rolandi-principis Alston
鹿角卷柏 Selaginella rossii (Baker) Warb.
Selaginella rupestris
Selaginella rupincola
紅枝卷柏 Selaginella sanguinolenta (L.) Spring
糙葉卷柏 Selaginella scabrifolia Ching & Chu H. Wang
塞舌爾卷柏 Selaginella sechellarum Baker
杉葉卷柏 Selaginella selaginoides (L.) P. Beauv. ex Schrank & Mart.
石卷柏 Selaginella sellowii Hieron.
Selaginella sericea
Selaginella serpens
陝西卷柏 Selaginella shensiensis Christ
泰國卷柏 Selaginella siamensis Hieron.
西伯利亞卷柏 Selaginella sibirica (Milde) Hieron.
四川卷柏 Selaginella sichuanica H. S. Kung
中華卷柏 Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring
深波卷柏 Selaginella sinuosa (Desv.) Alston
刺脈卷柏 Selaginella spinulosovena G. Q. Gou & P. S. Wang (2005), nom. inval.
擬密葉卷柏 Selaginella stauntoniana Spring，薄扇卷柏
Selaginella stellata
Selaginella substipitata
擬鞘舌卷柏 Selaginella subvaginata X.C. Zhang & Shalimov^[9]
粗莖卷柏 Selaginella superba Alston
高山卷柏 Selaginella tama-montana Seriz.
卷柏 Selaginella tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring，還魂草
越南全緣卷柏 Selaginella tenuifolia Spring
西藏卷柏 Selaginella tibetica Ching & S. K. Wu
Selaginella tortipila
粗葉卷柏 Selaginella trachyphylla Hieron.
毛枝卷柏 Selaginella trichoclada Alston
毛葉卷柏 Selaginella trichophylla K. H. Shing
石南卷柏 Selaginella uliginosa Spring
蔭生卷柏 Selaginella umbrosa Lem. ex Hieron.
翠雲草 Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring
Selaginella underwoodii
鞘舌卷柏 Selaginella vaginata Spring
細瘦卷柏 Selaginella vardei H. Lév.
匐莖卷柏 Selaginella viticulosa Klotzsch
Selaginella wallacei
瓦氏卷柏 Selaginella wallichii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring
培善卷柏 Selaginella wangpeishanii
華生卷柏 Selaginella watsonii
藤卷柏 Selaginella willdenowii (Desv.) Baker
武夷卷柏 Selaginella wuyishanensis K.W.Xu, X.M.Zhou & Y.F.Duan，模式產地：福建^[10]
西疇卷柏 Selaginella xichouensis W. M. Chu
劍葉卷柏 Selaginella xipholepis Baker
憲春卷柏 Selaginella zhangii S. Y. Dong

參考資料[編輯]

^ VAN KONIJNENBURG-VAN CITTERT, JOHANNA H. A.; KUSTATSCHER, EVELYN; WACHTLER, MICHAEL. MIDDLE TRIASSIC (ANISIAN) FERNS FROM KÜHWIESENKOPF (MONTE PRÁ DELLA VACCA), DOLOMITES, NORTHERN ITALY. Palaeontology. 2006-08-30, 49 (5): 943–968. ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00591.x.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Zhang, Menghua; Zhang, Xianchun. Species delimitation of the Selaginella delicatula group in China. Biodiversity Science. 2021-12-20, 29 (12): 1607. doi:10.17520/biods.2021273.
^ Xin-Mao Zhou, Zhao‐Rong He, Liang Zhang and Li-Bing Zhang. 2015. Selaginella chuweimingii (Selaginellaceae) sp. nov. from Yunnan, China. PHYTOTAXA. 231(3): 283–288. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.231.3.6
^ Aleksandr Petrovich Shalimov, Yan-Mei Zhu, Meng-Hua Zhang and Xian-Chun Zhang. 2019. Selaginella dianzhongensis (Selaginellaceae), A New Spikemoss from China. PhytoKeys. 118: 75-87. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.118.30375
^ Yu-Dong Wu, Hong-Rui Zhang and Xian-Chun Zhang. 2017. Selaginella guihaia (Selaginellaceae): A New Spikemoss Species from southern China and northern Vietnam around the Gulf of Tonkin. PhytoKeys. 80; 41-52. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.80.11126
^ 海南卷柏属一新种：彩虹卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）.
^ 中国东南部复苏卷柏的一新种：东方卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-12）.
^ 卷柏科一新种：越南卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-12）.
^ 卷柏科新增1个物种：拟鞘舌卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-15）.
^ Selaginella wuyishanensis (sect. Tetragonostachyae, Selaginellaceae), a new species from East China and its phylogenetic position based on molecular data. PhytoKeys. [2023-03-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-11）.

[1] VAN KONIJNENBURG-VAN CITTERT, JOHANNA H. A.; KUSTATSCHER, EVELYN; WACHTLER, MICHAEL. MIDDLE TRIASSIC (ANISIAN) FERNS FROM KÜHWIESENKOPF (MONTE PRÁ DELLA VACCA), DOLOMITES, NORTHERN ITALY. Palaeontology. 2006-08-30, 49 (5): 943–968. ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00591.x.

[biods.2021273-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Zhang, Menghua; Zhang, Xianchun. Species delimitation of the Selaginella delicatula group in China. Biodiversity Science. 2021-12-20, 29 (12): 1607. doi:10.17520/biods.2021273.

[3] Xin-Mao Zhou, Zhao‐Rong He, Liang Zhang and Li-Bing Zhang. 2015. Selaginella chuweimingii (Selaginellaceae) sp. nov. from Yunnan, China. PHYTOTAXA. 231(3): 283–288. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.231.3.6

[4] Aleksandr Petrovich Shalimov, Yan-Mei Zhu, Meng-Hua Zhang and Xian-Chun Zhang. 2019. Selaginella dianzhongensis (Selaginellaceae), A New Spikemoss from China. PhytoKeys. 118: 75-87. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.118.30375

[5] Yu-Dong Wu, Hong-Rui Zhang and Xian-Chun Zhang. 2017. Selaginella guihaia (Selaginellaceae): A New Spikemoss Species from southern China and northern Vietnam around the Gulf of Tonkin. PhytoKeys. 80; 41-52. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.80.11126

[6] 海南卷柏属一新种：彩虹卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-13）.

[7] 中国东南部复苏卷柏的一新种：东方卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-12）.

[8] 卷柏科一新种：越南卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-12）.

[9] 卷柏科新增1个物种：拟鞘舌卷柏. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-15）.

[10] Selaginella wuyishanensis (sect. Tetragonostachyae, Selaginellaceae), a new species from East China and its phylogenetic position based on molecular data. PhytoKeys. [2023-03-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-11）.

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