鋨的同位素
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鋨(76Os)有七種天然存在的同位素,其中五種穩定,分別是187Os、188Os、189Os、190Os和最常見的192Os。另外兩種同位素184Os和186Os雖然有放射性,但它們極長的半衰期(分別為1.12×1013年和2×1015年)使它們在實際用途中可以看作是穩定同位素。作為187Re(半衰期4.56×1010年)衰變產物的187Os可在錸鋨測年法中測量隕石的年齡。
除了七種天然存在的同位素以外,鋨還有30種人造同位素,[3]其中最長壽的是半衰期六年的194Os。鋨還有九種同核異構體,其中191mOs最穩定,半衰期13.10小時。鋨所有的同位素理論上都有放射性,但仍未被觀測到。
圖表[編輯]
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[4] |
衰變 產物[n 2] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | |||||||||
161Os | 76 | 85 | 0.64(6) ms | α | 157W | ||||
162Os | 76 | 86 | 161.98443(54)# | 1.87(18) ms | α | 158W | 0+ | ||
163Os | 76 | 87 | 162.98269(43)# | 5.5(6) ms | α | 159W | 7/2−# | ||
β+, p (不常見) | 162W | ||||||||
β+ (不常見) | 163Re | ||||||||
164Os | 76 | 88 | 163.97804(22) | 21(1) ms | α (98%) | 160W | 0+ | ||
β+ (2%) | 164Re | ||||||||
165Os | 76 | 89 | 164.97676(22)# | 71(3) ms | α (60%) | 161W | (7/2−) | ||
β+ (40%) | 165Re | ||||||||
166Os | 76 | 90 | 165.972691(20) | 216(9) ms | α (72%) | 162W | 0+ | ||
β+ (28%) | 166Re | ||||||||
167Os | 76 | 91 | 166.97155(8) | 810(60) ms | α (67%) | 163W | 3/2−# | ||
β+ (33%) | 167Re | ||||||||
168Os | 76 | 92 | 167.967804(13) | 2.06(6) s | β+ (51%) | 168Re | 0+ | ||
α (49%) | 164W | ||||||||
169Os | 76 | 93 | 168.967019(27) | 3.40(9) s | β+ (89%) | 169Re | 3/2−# | ||
α (11%) | 165W | ||||||||
170Os | 76 | 94 | 169.963577(12) | 7.46(23) s | β+ (91.4%) | 170Re | 0+ | ||
α (8.6%) | 176W | ||||||||
171Os | 76 | 95 | 170.963185(20) | 8.3(2) s | β+ (98.3%) | 171Re | (5/2−) | ||
α (1.7%) | 167W | ||||||||
172Os | 76 | 96 | 171.960023(16) | 19.2(5) s | β+ (98.9%) | 172Re | 0+ | ||
α (1.1%) | 168W | ||||||||
173Os | 76 | 97 | 172.959808(16) | 22.4(9) s | β+ (99.6%) | 173Re | (5/2−) | ||
α (.4%) | 169W | ||||||||
174Os | 76 | 98 | 173.957062(12) | 44(4) s | β+ (99.97%) | 174Re | 0+ | ||
α (.024%) | 170W | ||||||||
175Os | 76 | 99 | 174.956946(15) | 1.4(1) min | β+ | 175Re | (5/2−) | ||
176Os | 76 | 100 | 175.95481(3) | 3.6(5) min | β+ | 176Re | 0+ | ||
177Os | 76 | 101 | 176.954965(17) | 3.0(2) min | β+ | 177Re | 1/2− | ||
178Os | 76 | 102 | 177.953251(18) | 5.0(4) min | β+ | 178Re | 0+ | ||
179Os | 76 | 103 | 178.953816(19) | 6.5(3) min | β+ | 179Re | (1/2−) | ||
180Os | 76 | 104 | 179.952379(22) | 21.5(4) min | β+ | 180Re | 0+ | ||
181Os | 76 | 105 | 180.95324(3) | 105(3) min | β+ | 181Re | 1/2− | ||
181m1Os | 48.9(2) keV | 2.7(1) min | β+ | 181Re | (7/2)− | ||||
181m2Os | 156.5(7) keV | 316(18) ns | (9/2)+ | ||||||
182Os | 76 | 106 | 181.952110(23) | 22.10(25) h | ε | 182Re | 0+ | ||
183Os | 76 | 107 | 182.95313(5) | 13.0(5) h | β+ | 183Re | 9/2+ | ||
183mOs | 170.71(5) keV | 9.9(3) h | β+ (85%) | 183Re | 1/2− | ||||
IT (15%) | 183Os | ||||||||
184Os | 76 | 108 | 183.9524891(14) | 1.12(23)×1013 y[1] | α[n 3] | 180W | 0+ | 2(1)×10−4 | |
185Os | 76 | 109 | 184.9540423(14) | 93.6(5) d | ε | 185Re | 1/2− | ||
185m1Os | 102.3(7) keV | 3.0(4) µs | (7/2−)# | ||||||
185m2Os | 275.7(8) keV | 0.78(5) µs | (11/2+) | ||||||
186Os[n 4] | 76 | 110 | 185.9538382(15) | 2.0(11)×1015 y | α | 182W | 0+ | 0.0159(3) | |
187Os[n 5] | 76 | 111 | 186.9557505(15) | 觀測上穩定[n 6] | 1/2− | 0.0196(2) | |||
188Os[n 5] | 76 | 112 | 187.9558382(15) | 觀測上穩定[n 7] | 0+ | 0.1324(8) | |||
189Os | 76 | 113 | 188.9581475(16) | 觀測上穩定[n 8] | 3/2− | 0.1615(5) | |||
189mOs | 30.812(15) keV | 5.81(6) h | IT | 189Os | 9/2− | ||||
190Os | 76 | 114 | 189.9584470(16) | 觀測上穩定[n 9] | 0+ | 0.2626(2) | |||
190mOs | 1705.4(2) keV | 9.9(1) min | IT | 190Os | (10)− | ||||
191Os | 76 | 115 | 190.9609297(16) | 15.4(1) d | β− | 191Ir | 9/2− | ||
191mOs | 74.382(3) keV | 13.10(5) h | IT | 191Os | 3/2− | ||||
192Os | 76 | 116 | 191.9614807(27) | 觀測上穩定[n 10] | 0+ | 0.4078(19) | |||
192mOs | 2015.40(11) keV | 5.9(1) s | IT (87%) | 192Os | (10−) | ||||
β− (13%) | 192Ir | ||||||||
193Os | 76 | 117 | 192.9641516(27) | 30.11(1) h | β− | 193Ir | 3/2− | ||
194Os | 76 | 118 | 193.9651821(28) | 6.0(2) y | β− | 194Ir | 0+ | ||
195Os | 76 | 119 | 194.96813(54) | 6.5 min | β− | 195Ir | 3/2−# | ||
196Os | 76 | 120 | 195.96964(4) | 34.9(2) min | β− | 196Ir | 0+ | ||
197Os | 76 | 121 | 2.8(6) min |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
錸的同位素 | 鋨的同位素 | 銥的同位素 |
註釋[編輯]
- ^ 半衰期超過宇宙年齡的同位素以粗體顯示
- ^ 穩定同位素以粗體顯示
- ^ 理論上也會雙β衰變成184W
- ^ 原生放射性同位素
- ^ 5.0 5.1 用於錸鋨測年法
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成183W
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成184W
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成185W
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成186W
- ^ 理論上會α衰變成188W,或是雙β衰變成192Pt
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Peters, Stefan T.M.; Münker, Carsten; Becker, Harry; Schulz, Toni. Alpha-decay of 184Os revealed by radiogenic 180W in meteorites: Half life determination and viability as geochronometer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. April 2014, 391: 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.030.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Flegenheimer, Juan. The mystery of the disappearing isotope. Revista Virtual de Química. 2014, 6 (4): 1139–1142. doi:10.5935/1984-6835.20140073 .
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-06]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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