铊的同位素
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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铊(原子量:204.3833(2))的同位素,其中有2个是稳定的。
图表[编辑]
符号 | 历史 名称 |
Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素质量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰变 方式[2][n 2] |
衰变 产物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量 | ||||||||||
176Tl[3] | 81 | 95 | 176.00059(21)# | +1.6 −0.7 ms 2.4 |
p(~63%) | 175Hg | (3−, 4−, 5−) | |||
α(~37%) | 172Au | |||||||||
176mTl | ~671 keV | +200 −80 µs 290 |
p(~50%) | 175Hg | ||||||
α(~50%) | 172mAu | |||||||||
177Tl | 81 | 96 | 176.996427(27) | 18(5) ms | p | 176Hg | (1/2+) | |||
α (不常见) | 173Au | |||||||||
177mTl | 807(18) keV | 230(40) µs | p | 176Hg | (11/2−) | |||||
α | 173Au | |||||||||
178Tl | 81 | 97 | 177.99490(12)# | 255(10) ms | α | 174Au | ||||
p (不常见) | 177Hg | |||||||||
179Tl | 81 | 98 | 178.99109(5) | 270(30) ms | α | 175Au | (1/2+) | |||
p (不常见) | 178Hg | |||||||||
179mTl | 860(30)# keV | 1.60(16) ms | α | 175Au | (9/2−) | |||||
IT (不常见) | 179Tl | |||||||||
180Tl | 81 | 99 | 179.98991(13)# | 1.5(2) s | α (75%) | 176Au | ||||
β+ (25%) | 180Hg | |||||||||
EC,SF (10−4%) | 100Ru, 80Kr[4] | |||||||||
181Tl | 81 | 100 | 180.986257(10) | 3.2(3) s | α | 177Au | 1/2+# | |||
β+ | 181Hg | |||||||||
181mTl | 857(29) keV | 1.7(4) ms | α | 177Au | 9/2−# | |||||
β+ | 181Hg | |||||||||
182Tl | 81 | 101 | 181.98567(8) | 2.0(3) s | β+ (96%) | 182Hg | 2−# | |||
α (4%) | 178Au | |||||||||
182m1Tl | 100(100)# keV | 2.9(5) s | α | 178Au | (7+) | |||||
β+ (不常见) | 182Hg | |||||||||
182m2Tl | 600(140)# keV | 10− | ||||||||
183Tl | 81 | 102 | 182.982193(10) | 6.9(7) s | β+ (98%) | 183Hg | 1/2+# | |||
α (2%) | 179Au | |||||||||
183m1Tl | 630(17) keV | 53.3(3) ms | IT (99.99%) | 183Tl | 9/2−# | |||||
α (.01%) | 179Au | |||||||||
183m2Tl | 976.8(3) keV | 1.48(10) µs | (13/2+) | |||||||
184Tl | 81 | 103 | 183.98187(5) | 9.7(6) s | β+ | 184Hg | 2−# | |||
184m1Tl | 100(100)# keV | 10# s | β+ (97.9%) | 184Hg | 7+# | |||||
α (2.1%) | 180Au | |||||||||
184m2Tl | 500(140)# keV | >20 ns | (10−) | |||||||
185Tl | 81 | 104 | 184.97879(6) | 19.5(5) s | α | 181Au | 1/2+# | |||
β+ | 185Hg | |||||||||
185mTl | 452.8(20) keV | 1.93(8) s | IT (99.99%) | 185Tl | 9/2−# | |||||
α (.01%) | 181Au | |||||||||
β+ | 185Hg | |||||||||
186Tl | 81 | 105 | 185.97833(20) | 40# s | β+ | 186Hg | (2−) | |||
α (.006%) | 182Au | |||||||||
186m1Tl | 320(180) keV | 27.5(10) s | β+ | 186Hg | (7+) | |||||
186m2Tl | 690(180) keV | 2.9(2) s | (10−) | |||||||
187Tl | 81 | 106 | 186.975906(9) | ~51 s | β+ | 187Hg | (1/2+) | |||
α (不常见) | 183Au | |||||||||
187mTl | 335(3) keV | 15.60(12) s | α | 183Au | (9/2−) | |||||
IT | 187Tl | |||||||||
β+ | 187Hg | |||||||||
188Tl | 81 | 107 | 187.97601(4) | 71(2) s | β+ | 188Hg | (2−) | |||
188m1Tl | 40(30) keV | 71(1) s | β+ | 188Hg | (7+) | |||||
188m2Tl | 310(30) keV | 41(4) ms | (9−) | |||||||
189Tl | 81 | 108 | 188.973588(12) | 2.3(2) min | β+ | 189Hg | (1/2+) | |||
189mTl | 257.6(13) keV | 1.4(1) min | β+ (96%) | 189Hg | (9/2−) | |||||
IT (4%) | 189Tl | |||||||||
190Tl | 81 | 109 | 189.97388(5) | 2.6(3) min | β+ | 190Hg | 2(−) | |||
190m1Tl | 130(90)# keV | 3.7(3) min | β+ | 190Hg | 7(+#) | |||||
190m2Tl | 290(70)# keV | 750(40) µs | (8−) | |||||||
190m3Tl | 410(70)# keV | >1 µs | 9− | |||||||
191Tl | 81 | 110 | 190.971786(8) | 20# min | β+ | 191Hg | (1/2+) | |||
191mTl | 297(7) keV | 5.22(16) min | β+ | 191Hg | 9/2(−) | |||||
192Tl | 81 | 111 | 191.97223(3) | 9.6(4) min | β+ | 192Hg | (2−) | |||
192m1Tl | 160(50) keV | 10.8(2) min | β+ | 192Hg | (7+) | |||||
192m2Tl | 407(54) keV | 296(5) ns | (8−) | |||||||
193Tl | 81 | 112 | 192.97067(12) | 21.6(8) min | β+ | 193Hg | 1/2(+#) | |||
193mTl | 369(4) keV | 2.11(15) min | IT (75%) | 193Tl | 9/2− | |||||
β+ (25%) | 193Hg | |||||||||
194Tl | 81 | 113 | 193.97120(15) | 33.0(5) min | β+ | 194Hg | 2− | |||
α (10−7%) | 190Au | |||||||||
194mTl | 300(200)# keV | 32.8(2) min | β+ | 194Hg | (7+) | |||||
195Tl | 81 | 114 | 194.969774(15) | 1.16(5) h | β+ | 195Hg | 1/2+ | |||
195mTl | 482.63(17) keV | 3.6(4) s | IT | 195Tl | 9/2− | |||||
196Tl | 81 | 115 | 195.970481(13) | 1.84(3) h | β+ | 196Hg | 2− | |||
196mTl | 394.2(5) keV | 1.41(2) h | β+ (95.5%) | 196Hg | (7+) | |||||
IT (4.5%) | 196Tl | |||||||||
197Tl | 81 | 116 | 196.969575(18) | 2.84(4) h | β+ | 197Hg | 1/2+ | |||
197mTl | 608.22(8) keV | 540(10) ms | IT | 197Tl | 9/2− | |||||
198Tl | 81 | 117 | 197.97048(9) | 5.3(5) h | β+ | 198Hg | 2− | |||
198m1Tl | 543.5(4) keV | 1.87(3) h | β+ (54%) | 198Hg | 7+ | |||||
IT (46%) | 198Tl | |||||||||
198m2Tl | 687.2(5) keV | 150(40) ns | (5+) | |||||||
198m3Tl | 742.3(4) keV | 32.1(10) ms | (10−)# | |||||||
199Tl | 81 | 118 | 198.96988(3) | 7.42(8) h | β+ | 199Hg | 1/2+ | |||
199mTl | 749.7(3) keV | 28.4(2) ms | IT | 199Tl | 9/2− | |||||
200Tl | 81 | 119 | 199.970963(6) | 26.1(1) h | β+ | 200Hg | 2− | |||
200m1Tl | 753.6(2) keV | 34.3(10) ms | IT | 200Tl | 7+ | |||||
200m2Tl | 762.0(2) keV | 0.33(5) µs | 5+ | |||||||
201Tl[n 4] | 81 | 120 | 200.970819(16) | 72.912(17) h | ε | 201Hg | 1/2+ | |||
201mTl | 919.50(9) keV | 2.035(7) ms | IT | 201Tl | (9/2−) | |||||
202Tl | 81 | 121 | 201.972106(16) | 12.23(2) d | β+ | 202Hg | 2− | |||
202mTl | 950.19(10) keV | 572(7) µs | 7+ | |||||||
203Tl | 81 | 122 | 202.9723442(14) | 观测上稳定[n 5] | 1/2+ | 0.2952(1) | 0.29494–0.29528 | |||
203mTl | 3400(300) keV | 7.7(5) µs | (25/2+) | |||||||
204Tl | 81 | 123 | 203.9738635(13) | 3.78(2) y | β− (97.1%) | 204Pb | 2− | |||
ε (2.9%) | 204Hg | |||||||||
204m1Tl | 1104.0(4) keV | 63(2) µs | (7)+ | |||||||
204m2Tl | 2500(500) keV | 2.6(2) µs | (12−) | |||||||
204m3Tl | 3500(500) keV | 1.6(2) µs | (20+) | |||||||
205Tl[n 6] | 81 | 124 | 204.9744275(14) | 观测上稳定[n 7] | 1/2+ | 0.7048(1) | 0.70472–0.70506 | |||
205m1Tl | 3290.63(17) keV | 2.6(2) µs | 25/2+ | |||||||
205m2Tl | 4835.6(15) keV | 235(10) ns | (35/2–) | |||||||
206Tl | Radium E | 81 | 125 | 205.9761103(15) | 4.200(17) min | β− | 206Pb | 0− | 痕量[n 8] | |
206mTl | 2643.11(19) keV | 3.74(3) min | IT | 206Tl | (12–) | |||||
207Tl | Actinium C | 81 | 126 | 206.977419(6) | 4.77(2) min | β− | 207Pb | 1/2+ | 痕量[n 9] | |
207mTl | 1348.1(3) keV | 1.33(11) s | IT (99.9%) | 207Tl | 11/2– | |||||
β− (.1%) | 207Pb | |||||||||
208Tl | Thorium C | 81 | 127 | 207.9820187(21) | 3.053(4) min | β− | 208Pb | 5(+) | 痕量[n 10] | |
209Tl | 81 | 128 | 208.985359(8) | 2.161(7) min | β− | 209Pb | (1/2+) | |||
210Tl | Radium C″ | 81 | 129 | 209.990074(12) | 1.30(3) min | β− (99.991%) | 210Pb | (5+)# | 痕量[n 8] | |
β−, n (.009%) | 209Pb | |||||||||
211Tl | 81 | 130 | 210.993480(50) | 80(16) s | β− (97.8%) | 211Pb | 1/2+ | |||
β−, n (2.2%) | 210Pb | |||||||||
212Tl | 81 | 131 | 211.998340(220)# | 31(8) s | β− (98.2%) | 212Pb | (5+) | |||
β−, n (1.8%) | 211Pb | |||||||||
213Tl | 81 | 132 | 213.001915(29) | 24(4) s | β− (92.4%) | 213Pb | 1/2+ | |||
β−, n (7.6%) | 212Pb | |||||||||
214Tl | 81 | 133 | 214.006940(210)# | 11(2) s | β− (66%) | 214Pb | 5+# | |||
β−, n (34%) | 213Pb | |||||||||
215Tl | 81 | 134 | 215.010640(320)# | 10(4) s | β− (95.4%) | 215Pb | 1/2+# | |||
β−, n (4.6%) | 214Pb | |||||||||
216Tl | 81 | 135 | 216.015800(320)# | 6(3) s | β− | 216Pb | 5+# | |||
β−, n (<11.5%) | 215Pb |
备注:画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,只是理论推测而已,而用括号括起来的代表数据不确定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
汞的同位素 | 铊的同位素 | 铅的同位素 |
注释[编辑]
- ^ 半衰期超过宇宙年龄(几乎稳定)的同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 缩写:
EC:电子捕获
IT:核异构转变 - ^ 稳定同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 用于闪烁法中
- ^ 被认为会α衰变成199Au
- ^ 镎衰变链的最终衰变产物
- ^ 被认为会α衰变成201Au
- ^ 8.0 8.1 238U的衰变产物
- ^ 235U的衰变产物
- ^ 232Th的衰变产物
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-08]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- ^ Al-Aqeel, Muneerah Abdullah M. Decay Spectroscopy of the Thallium Isotopes 176,177Tl. University of Liverpool. [21 June 2023]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-09).
- ^ Reich, E. S. Mercury serves up a nuclear surprise: a new type of fission. Scientific American. 2010 [12 May 2011]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-17).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素与同位素的稳定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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