俱卢之战
俱卢之战 कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध | |||||||
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约1700年的俱卢之战图 | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
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指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
领袖 坚战 总司令 猛光 (day 1-18) † 其他指挥官 阿周那 怖军 木柱王 † 毗罗吒 † 激昂 † 百军 † 萨谛奇 束发 † 无种 偕天 军师 黑天 |
领袖 Dhritrashtra Duryodhana † Commanders-in-chief Bhishma (day 1-10) † Drona (day 11-15) † Karna (day 16-17) † Shalya (day 18) † Ashwatthama (night raid) Other-Commanders Dushasana † Jayadratha † Kripa Kritavarma Bhurishravas † Bahlika † Bhagadatta † Sudakshina † Strategist Shakuni † | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
7 Akshauhinis 153,090-100,300,000[1] 辆双轮战车和战车兵 10,000 - 153,090 头战象和骑象人 459,270 - 1,000,000 马和骑士 765,450 - 1,000,000,000 步兵 [2] (总计1,530,900-1,003,830,900名士兵) |
11 Akshauhinis 240,570 辆双轮战车和战车兵 240,570 头战象和骑象人 721,710 马和骑士 - 100,000,000 horses (mentioned possibly as a hyperbole)[3] 1,202,850 步兵 6,000,000 protecting elephants and chariots[4] 140,000,000 毕舍遮 280,000,000 罗刹 420,000,000 夜叉 100,000,000 Narayani Sena[5][6] (total 8,450,700 - 1,048,405,700 soldiers) | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
几乎总共 (1,530,892 名士兵) only 8 known survivors - the Pandavas, Krishna, Satyaki, and Yuyutsu. |
几乎总共(2,405,697 名士兵) only 3 known survivors - Ashwatthama, Kripa, and Kritavarma | ||||||
Yudhishthira gives a different number which is 1,660,020,000 dead and 24,165 missing.[7] |
在摩诃婆罗多中,俱卢之战是婆罗多族两支后嗣般度族和俱卢族为争夺王位所发动的战争,战事为期18天,最终般度族赢得了战争,俱卢族则面临灭族之果。战事初期,由毗湿摩领军的俱卢族一直处于上风,直到第九天,般度族的阿周那躲在束发后向毗湿摩射箭,才得以击败毗湿摩。毗湿摩死后,俱卢族分别由德罗纳及迦尔纳统领,在战事的第十三天,德罗纳布阵杀死了阿周那的儿子激昂。第十四天,阿周那背着丧子之痛,猛烈向俱卢族还击,迅速击杀了难支及难降的队伍。第十五天,黑天采用欺诈的方法,利用德罗纳对马嘶的爱子之情。先是杀死一头名叫“马嘶”的大象,然后让士兵高声大喊马嘶已死,德罗纳因儿子马嘶战死对战争感到心灰意冷,之后被猛光割下了头颅。到了战事的第十八天,终于到了阿周那和迦尔纳决战的时刻,阿周那藉迦尔纳的马车陷入泥沼时,一举将迦尔纳击杀,同时俱卢族的长子难敌又被怖军重伤,奄奄一息,俱卢族自此兵败如山倒,为期十八天的俱卢之战最终结束。
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section L. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. (原始内容存档于25 March 2023).
And Nakula and Sahadeva placed themselves on the left wing. And on the joints of the wings were placed ten thousand cars and on the head a hundred thousand, and on the back a hundred millions and twenty thousand and on the neck a hundred and seventy thousand.
- ^ The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 291. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4.
- ^ The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Uluka Dutagamana Parva: Section CXCIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. (原始内容存档于25 March 2023).
And he was followed by Sauchitti, who steadily adhered to truth and was invincible in battle, and Srenimat, and Vasudeva and Vibhu, the son of the ruler of Kasi, with twenty thousand cars, and hundred million steeds of high mettle, each bearing scores of bells on its limbs, and twenty thousand smiting elephants with tusks as long as plough-shares, all of good breed and divided temples and all resembling moving masses of clouds.
- ^ The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parvad: Section XVIII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. (原始内容存档于25 March 2023).
And with a division that consisted of ten thousand active elephants, the king of Magadha followed that large car division. They that protected the wheels of the cars and they that protected the elephants, numbered full six millions.
- ^ The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Section VII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容存档于27 March 2023).
- ^ The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section CCLXXIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-26]. (原始内容存档于26 March 2023).
One hundred and forty millions of Pisachas, twice as many man-eating Rakshasa of terrible deed, and thrice as many Yaksha do my bidding!
- ^ The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 593. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4.
Dhristarashtra asks Yudhishthira the number of battle casualties: he reports that 1,660,020,000 men are dead and 24,165 missing.
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