锗的同位素
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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锗(Ge,原子量:72.630(8))共有45个同位素,其中有4个同位素是稳定的。
图表[编辑]
符号 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素质量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰变 方式[3][n 2] |
衰变 产物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
相对丰度的变化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量 | |||||||||
58Ge | 32 | 26 | 57.99101(34)# | 2p | 56Zn | 0+ | |||
59Ge | 32 | 27 | 58.98175(30)# | 2p | 57Zn | 7/2−# | |||
60Ge | 32 | 28 | 59.97019(25)# | 30# ms | β+ | 60Ga | 0+ | ||
2p | 58Zn | ||||||||
61Ge | 32 | 29 | 60.96379(32)# | 39(12) ms | β+, p (80%) | 60Zn | (3/2−)# | ||
β+ (20%) | 61Ga | ||||||||
62Ge | 32 | 30 | 61.95465(15)# | 129(35) ms | β+ | 62Ga | 0+ | ||
63Ge | 32 | 31 | 62.94964(21)# | 142(8) ms | β+ | 63Ga | (3/2−)# | ||
64Ge | 32 | 32 | 63.94165(3) | 63.7(25) s | β+ | 64Ga | 0+ | ||
65Ge | 32 | 33 | 64.93944(11) | 30.9(5) s | β+ (99.99%) | 65Ga | (3/2)− | ||
β+, p (.01%) | 64Zn | ||||||||
66Ge | 32 | 34 | 65.93384(3) | 2.26(5) h | β+ | 66Ga | 0+ | ||
67Ge | 32 | 35 | 66.932734(5) | 18.9(3) min | β+ | 67Ga | 1/2− | ||
67m1Ge | 18.20(5) keV | 13.7(9) µs | 5/2− | ||||||
67m2Ge | 751.70(6) keV | 110.9(14) ns | 9/2+ | ||||||
68Ge[n 4] | 32 | 36 | 67.928094(7) | 270.95(16) d | ε | 68Ga | 0+ | ||
69Ge | 32 | 37 | 68.9279645(14) | 39.05(10) h | β+ | 69Ga | 5/2− | ||
69m1Ge | 86.765(14) keV | 5.1(2) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
69m2Ge | 397.944(18) keV | 2.81(5) µs | 9/2+ | ||||||
70Ge | 32 | 38 | 69.9242474(11) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.2038(18) | |||
71Ge | 32 | 39 | 70.9249510(11) | 11.43(3) d | ε | 71Ga | 1/2− | ||
71mGe | 198.367(10) keV | 20.40(17) ms | IT | 71Ge | 9/2+ | ||||
72Ge | 32 | 40 | 71.9220758(18) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.2731(26) | |||
72mGe | 691.43(4) keV | 444.2(8) ns | 0+ | ||||||
73Ge | 32 | 41 | 72.9234589(18) | 稳定 | 9/2+ | 0.0776(8) | |||
73m1Ge | 13.2845(15) keV | 2.92(3) µs | 5/2+ | ||||||
73m2Ge | 66.726(9) keV | 499(11) ms | 1/2− | ||||||
74 Ge |
32 | 42 | 73.9211778(18) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.3672(15) | |||
75Ge | 32 | 43 | 74.9228589(18) | 82.78(4) min | β− | 75As | 1/2− | ||
75m1Ge | 139.69(3) keV | 47.7(5) s | IT (99.97%) | 75Ge | 7/2+ | ||||
β− | 75As | ||||||||
75m2Ge | 192.18(7) keV | 216(5) ns | 5/2+ | ||||||
76Ge[n 5] | 32 | 44 | 75.9214026(18) | 1.78(8)×1021 y | β−β− | 76Se | 0+ | 0.0783(7) | |
77Ge | 32 | 45 | 76.9235486(18) | 11.30(1) h | β− | 77As | 7/2+ | ||
77mGe | 159.70(10) keV | 52.9(6) s | β− (79%) | 77As | 1/2− | ||||
IT (21%) | 77Ge | ||||||||
78Ge | 32 | 46 | 77.922853(4) | 88(1) min | β− | 78As | 0+ | ||
79Ge | 32 | 47 | 78.9254(1) | 18.98(3) s | β− | 79As | (1/2)− | ||
79mGe | 185.95(4) keV | 39.0(10) s | β− (96%) | 79As | (7/2+)# | ||||
IT (4%) | 79Ge | ||||||||
80Ge | 32 | 48 | 79.92537(3) | 29.5(4) s | β− | 80As | 0+ | ||
81Ge | 32 | 49 | 80.92882(13) | 7.6(6) s | β− | 81As | 9/2+# | ||
81mGe | 679.13(4) keV | 7.6(6) s | β− (99%) | 81As | (1/2+) | ||||
IT (1%) | 81Ge | ||||||||
82Ge | 32 | 50 | 81.92955(26) | 4.55(5) s | β− | 82As | 0+ | ||
83Ge | 32 | 51 | 82.93462(21)# | 1.85(6) s | β− | 83As | (5/2+)# | ||
84Ge | 32 | 52 | 83.93747(32)# | 0.947(11) s | β− (89.2%) | 84As | 0+ | ||
β−, n (10.8%) | 83As | ||||||||
85Ge | 32 | 53 | 84.94303(43)# | 535(47) ms | β− (86%) | 85As | 5/2+# | ||
β−, n (14%) | 84As | ||||||||
86Ge | 32 | 54 | 85.94649(54)# | >150 ns | β−, n | 85As | 0+ | ||
β− | 86As | ||||||||
87Ge | 32 | 55 | 86.95251(54)# | 0.14# s | 5/2+# | ||||
88Ge | 32 | 56 | 87.95691(75)# | >=300 ns | 0+ | ||||
89Ge | 32 | 57 | 88.96383(97)# | >150 ns | 3/2+# |
备注:画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,只是理论推测而已,而用括号括起来的代表数据不确定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
镓的同位素 | 锗的同位素 | 砷的同位素 |
注释[编辑]
- ^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
- ^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ^ Bold for stable isotopes
- ^ Used to generate 68Ga
- ^ Primordial radionuclide
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ M. Agostini; et al. Final Results of GERDA on the Two-Neutrino Double-β Decay Half-Life of 76Ge. Physical Review Letters (American Physical Society (APS)). 2023-10-03, 131 (14). ISSN 0031-9007. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.142501.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素与同位素的稳定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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