车臣反同性恋清洗

维基百科,自由的百科全书
2017年5月1日,圣彼得堡涅夫斯基大街举行了一场名为“车臣母亲哀悼孩子”的公开示威,抗议车臣对男同性恋者的迫害。[1][2]

俄罗斯联邦车臣共和国反同性恋清洗是指該地區採取的一系列迫害同性戀的措施,其中包括强迫失踪、秘密绑架、监禁、酷刑、以及車臣当局根据性取向对同性戀进行法外处决。車臣当局將怀疑是同性恋的人拘留,並將他們關進集中营,據稱集中營之內的人有人死亡。 [3][4]

2017年4月1日,俄羅斯反对派报纸新报 [5]刊登了首個指控車臣當局迫害同性戀的文章,该报报道称,自2017年2月以来,据称有100多名男子被拘留和遭受酷刑,至少三人死于法外处决。 [5][6]最先报道此事的记者因害怕而開始躲藏起來。 [7][8]有人呼吁對报道这一情况的记者展開报复。[9]

随着车臣当局清洗同性戀的消息传开,俄罗斯和国际活动人士試圖撤离难民营內的幸存者和其他陷入危險境地的车臣人,但活動人士很難将他们安全送出俄罗斯。[10]

相關报道公開後,各界反應不一。车臣共和国总统拉姆赞·卡德罗夫不仅否认有過任何迫害行為,而且否认车臣存在同性恋者,并补充说此类人本身就有可能被自己的家人杀害[11][12]俄當局官员对此表示怀疑,但据报道,俄罗斯政府在當年5 月下旬同意向车臣派遣一个调查组。 [13]许多西方国家领导人和其他公众人物谴责了车臣的行为,俄罗斯和其他地方也举行了抗议活动。欧洲安全与合作组织于2018年12月发布的一份报告证实了車臣當局迫害LGBT人群的報道,但車臣当局对此置之不理。[14][15]

2019年1月11日,据报道,车臣共和国于2018年12月又一次展開“同性恋清洗”,多名男同性恋和女同性恋被拘留。[16][17][18][19]俄罗斯LGBT网络英语Russian LGBT Network估計约有40人被拘留,两人被杀。[20][21]

参考文献[编辑]

  1. ^ Batchelor, Tom. Russian police round up LGBT activists demonstrating against persecution of gay men in Chechnya. The Independent. 1 May 2017 [31 May 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-09). 
  2. ^ Kramer, Andrew E. Russians Protesting Abuse of Gay Men in Chechnya Are Detained. The New York Times. 1 May 2017 [31 May 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-08). 
  3. ^ Smith, Lydia. Chechnya detains 100 gay men in first concentration camps since the Holocaust. International Business Times UK. 10 April 2017 [16 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-07). 
  4. ^ Reynolds, Daniel. Report: Chechnya Is Torturing Gay Men in Concentration Camps. The Advocate. 10 April 2017 [16 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-16). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Milashina, Elena. Murder of honor: the ambitions of a well-known LGBT activist awake a terrible ancient custom in Chechnya. 1 April 2017 [14 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-09). "Novaya Gazeta" became aware of mass detentions of residents of Chechnya in connection with their unconventional sexual orientation - or suspicion of such. At the moment, more than a hundred men have been informed of the detention. "Novaya Gazeta" knows the names of the three dead, but our sources say that there are many more victims. 
  6. ^ Kramer, Andrew E. Chechen Authorities Arresting and Killing Gay Men, Russian Paper Says. 1 April 2017 [15 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-28). 
  7. ^ Analysis - She broke the story of Chechnya's anti-gay purge. Now, she says she has to flee Russia.. [16 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-04). 
  8. ^ Reports Of New, Terrifying 'Gay Concentration Camps' Where Men Are Getting Tortured And Murdered. ELLE UK. 2017-04-13 [2017-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-20). 
  9. ^ Walker, Shaun. Journalists fear reprisals for exposing purge of gay men in Chechnya. 衛報. 14 April 2017 [15 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-13). 
  10. ^ Ponniah, Kevin. Chechen gay men hopeful of finding refuge in five countries. BBC News. 19 May 2017 [22 May 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-30). 
  11. ^ Walker, Shaun. Chechen police 'have rounded up more than 100 suspected gay men'. The Guardian. 2 April 2017 [16 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-27). 
  12. ^ Peter, Laurence. Chechen police 'kidnap and torture gay men' - LGBT activists. BBC News. 11 April 2017 [31 May 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-24). 
  13. ^ Walker, Shaun. Russia investigates 'gay purge' in Chechnya. 衛報. 26 May 2017 [27 May 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-29). 
  14. ^ Benedek, Wolfgang. OSCE Rapporteur's Report under the Moscow Mechanism on alleged Human Rights Violations and Impunity in the Chechen Republic of the Russian Federation by Professor Dr. Wolfgang Benedek. 歐洲安全與合作組織. December 21, 2018 [13 January 2018]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-15). 
  15. ^ Gessen, Masha. A Damning New Report on L.G.B.T. Persecution in Chechnya. 紐約客. December 21, 2018 [13 January 2018]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-24). 
  16. ^ Vasilyeva, Nataliya. Reports: several gay men and women detained in Chechnya. 美联社. January 11, 2019 [January 14, 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-03). 
  17. ^ Damshenas, Sam. Chechnya has reportedly launched a new 'gay purge'. Gay Times英语Gay Times. January 11, 2019 [13 January 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-09). 
  18. ^ Carroll, Oliver. Chechnya launches new gay 'purge', reports say. 獨立報. January 11, 2019 [January 14, 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-24). 
  19. ^ «Новой газете» стало известно о новых преследованиях геев в Чечне [Novaya Gazeta learned of new persecution of gays in Chechnya]. 新报 (俄罗斯). January 11, 2019 [14 January 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26) (俄语). 
  20. ^ New wave of persecution against LGBT people in Chechnya: around 40 people detained, at least two killed. Российская ЛГБТ-сеть. January 14, 2019 [August 27, 2019]. (原始内容存档于June 30, 2019) (俄语). 
  21. ^ Ingber, Sasha. Activists Say 40 Detained And 2 Dead In Gay Purge In Chechnya. 全国公共广播电台. January 14, 2019 [August 27, 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-19) (英语).